Integration of area detector data in GSAS-II

In this demo, data collected with a GE(?) area detector, intentionally tilted at 45 degrees, are used. Note that menu entries are listed below as Help/About? GSAS-II, which lists first the name of the menu (here "Help") and second the name of the entry in the menu (here "About GSAS-II").

Prerequisite: Calibration Demo

This assumes that an image data set has been read in and calibration results have been derived, see the Calibration Demo

Step 1: Clear calibration plot

Assuming the previous step was calibration, the image plot will show the located rings or the picked points. These are no longer needed. The Image Controls/Clear? Calibration menu entry removes these intermediate results, but does not clear the calibration results. Use of this menu item is not required, but does speed future display of results.

Step 2: Integration Settings

In the simplest case, all that is needed is to click on the "Do full integration?" checkbox and likely adjust the inner and outer 2-theta values with the two "Inner/Outer? 2-theta" controls. For the La_hex_+45deg-00015.tif image loaded before, good values are 0.5 and 7 degrees.

It is helpful to see the two-theta limits on the plot visually, while adjusting the two-theta range. This is done by clicking on the "Show integration limits?" checkbox. Note that inner limit is shown as a green ellipse and the outer is shown as a red ellipse. Note that changes are displayed only after pressing return, when numbers are placed in the boxes.

Other useful controls:

Azimuth offset: Start/End? azimuth: Number 2-theta bins: Number azimuth bins:

When only a section of the

Step 3: read in the data file

Use the Data/Read? image data menu item to read the data file into the current GSAS-II project. (​view). Select the La_hex_+45deg-00015.tif data file and press Open.

At this point the data tree window will have several entries (​view); the plot window shows a faint image (​view) and a new window is opened to edit the image controls (​view).

Step 4: Edit image parameters

Note that, alas, very few image formats allow for storage of important metadata about the image, so this information needs to be added manually. In this case set the wavelength to 0.10798. It is also helpful to change the display of the image so that it is easier to see the diffraction rings. Lowering the maximum intensity to 10,000 to 20,000 counts will help (note that this can be done by moving the slider, or by typing a value in the box and then clicking on another control). You may also wish to select another color scheme using the color bar selector.

Alternately, the view of the image can be enhanced by displaying it on a logarithmic scale. Click on the window and press the upper or lowercase "L" key to toggle logarithmic plotting, or use the keypress selector button at the lower left of this window.

Step 5: Calibrate

First:

Set the material used as a sample in the box labeled Calibrant

Second:

Use the Image Operations/Calibrate? menu item (note this menu is on the Image Controls window or for the Mac, the Image Controls window must be active to place this into the system menu bar). At this point the status line on the bottom of the Image Controls window changes with a prompt to select points for calibration. (​view).

Third:

Use the left mouse button to click on at least four locations on the innermost ring. As each point is defined a red "+" is added to the plot (​view).

To remove a point added in error click on that point with the right mouse button [on the Mac, if you have a single-button mouse, hold the Command (⌘) key down and click].

Fourth:

When done, press the right mouse button well away from any points that have been added [on the Mac, if you have a single-button mouse, hold the Control key down and click].

The calibration is then performed. First the rings are located and an ellipse is optimized for each ring. The indexed rings are shown in blue and center of each ellipse is noted with a blue "+" (​view). The derived calibration results are shown in the Image Controls window. (​view).

To see the actual points selected by the program, click on the "show ring picks?" check button (​view). When this is done, it becomes clear that the points selected for the outermost ring are scattered between that and the next ring. This can be repaired by using the Image Operations/Clear? Calibration menu item, lowering the area the program uses for searching for points by changing the "pixel search range" to 10 and then repeating the calibration steps (selecting points again on the first ring and then using the right mouse button) (​view). This produces very slightly better calibration constants (​view).

Assuming that these calibration results will be applied to other images in the same GSAS-II project, click on "Use as default for all images." To save the project, including the now-derived calibration information, use the File/Save? Project menu item associated with the data tree window.

Next step: Integrate the Data