source: trunk/help/Fitting Small Angle Scattering Data.htm @ 1314

Last change on this file since 1314 was 1314, checked in by vondreele, 9 years ago

new tutorial for Fitting Small Angle Scattering Data.htm

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386        font-size:24.0pt;
387        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
388        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
389        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
390        font-weight:bold;}
391h2
392        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
393        mso-style-priority:9;
394        mso-style-qformat:yes;
395        mso-style-link:"Heading 2 Char";
396        mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
397        margin-right:0in;
398        mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
399        margin-left:0in;
400        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
401        mso-outline-level:2;
402        font-size:18.0pt;
403        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
404        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
405        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
406        font-weight:bold;}
407h3
408        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
409        mso-style-priority:9;
410        mso-style-qformat:yes;
411        mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char";
412        mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
413        margin-right:0in;
414        mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
415        margin-left:0in;
416        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
417        mso-outline-level:3;
418        font-size:13.5pt;
419        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
420        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
421        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
422        font-weight:bold;}
423h4
424        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
425        mso-style-priority:9;
426        mso-style-qformat:yes;
427        mso-style-link:"Heading 4 Char";
428        mso-style-next:Normal;
429        margin-top:10.0pt;
430        margin-right:0in;
431        margin-bottom:0in;
432        margin-left:0in;
433        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
434        mso-pagination:widow-orphan lines-together;
435        page-break-after:avoid;
436        mso-outline-level:4;
437        font-size:13.0pt;
438        font-family:"Cambria","serif";
439        mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
440        mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
441        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
442        mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
443        mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
444        mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
445        mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
446        mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
447        color:#4F81BD;
448        mso-themecolor:accent1;
449        font-weight:bold;
450        font-style:italic;}
451h5
452        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
453        mso-style-priority:9;
454        mso-style-qformat:yes;
455        mso-style-link:"Heading 5 Char";
456        mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
457        margin-right:0in;
458        mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
459        margin-left:0in;
460        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
461        mso-outline-level:5;
462        font-size:12.0pt;
463        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
464        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
465        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
466        color:#4F4FFF;
467        font-weight:bold;}
468a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
469        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
470        mso-style-priority:99;
471        color:blue;
472        text-decoration:underline;
473        text-underline:single;}
474a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
475        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
476        mso-style-priority:99;
477        color:purple;
478        text-decoration:underline;
479        text-underline:single;}
480p.MsoDocumentMap, li.MsoDocumentMap, div.MsoDocumentMap
481        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
482        mso-style-priority:99;
483        mso-style-link:"Document Map Char";
484        margin:0in;
485        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
486        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
487        font-size:8.0pt;
488        font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
489        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
490        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;}
491p
492        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
493        mso-style-priority:99;
494        mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
495        margin-right:0in;
496        mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
497        margin-left:0in;
498        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
499        font-size:12.0pt;
500        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
501        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
502        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;}
503pre
504        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
505        mso-style-priority:99;
506        mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char";
507        margin:0in;
508        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
509        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
510        tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
511        font-size:10.0pt;
512        font-family:"Courier New";
513        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
514p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
515        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
516        mso-style-priority:99;
517        mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
518        margin:0in;
519        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
520        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
521        font-size:8.0pt;
522        font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
523        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
524        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;}
525span.MsoPlaceholderText
526        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
527        mso-style-priority:99;
528        mso-style-unhide:no;
529        color:gray;}
530p.MsoNoSpacing, li.MsoNoSpacing, div.MsoNoSpacing
531        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
532        mso-style-priority:1;
533        mso-style-unhide:no;
534        mso-style-qformat:yes;
535        mso-style-parent:"";
536        margin:0in;
537        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
538        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
539        font-size:12.0pt;
540        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
541        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
542        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;}
543p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
544        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
545        mso-style-priority:34;
546        mso-style-unhide:no;
547        mso-style-qformat:yes;
548        margin-top:0in;
549        margin-right:0in;
550        margin-bottom:0in;
551        margin-left:.5in;
552        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
553        mso-add-space:auto;
554        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
555        font-size:12.0pt;
556        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
557        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
558        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;}
559p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst
560        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
561        mso-style-priority:34;
562        mso-style-unhide:no;
563        mso-style-qformat:yes;
564        mso-style-type:export-only;
565        margin-top:0in;
566        margin-right:0in;
567        margin-bottom:0in;
568        margin-left:.5in;
569        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
570        mso-add-space:auto;
571        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
572        font-size:12.0pt;
573        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
574        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
575        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;}
576p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle
577        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
578        mso-style-priority:34;
579        mso-style-unhide:no;
580        mso-style-qformat:yes;
581        mso-style-type:export-only;
582        margin-top:0in;
583        margin-right:0in;
584        margin-bottom:0in;
585        margin-left:.5in;
586        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
587        mso-add-space:auto;
588        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
589        font-size:12.0pt;
590        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
591        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
592        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;}
593p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast
594        {mso-style-noshow:yes;
595        mso-style-priority:34;
596        mso-style-unhide:no;
597        mso-style-qformat:yes;
598        mso-style-type:export-only;
599        margin-top:0in;
600        margin-right:0in;
601        margin-bottom:0in;
602        margin-left:.5in;
603        margin-bottom:.0001pt;
604        mso-add-space:auto;
605        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
606        font-size:12.0pt;
607        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
608        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
609        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;}
610span.MsoIntenseReference
611        {mso-style-priority:32;
612        mso-style-unhide:no;
613        mso-style-qformat:yes;
614        font-variant:small-caps;
615        color:#C0504D;
616        mso-themecolor:accent2;
617        letter-spacing:.25pt;
618        font-weight:bold;
619        text-decoration:underline;
620        text-underline:single;}
621span.Heading1Char
622        {mso-style-name:"Heading 1 Char";
623        mso-style-priority:9;
624        mso-style-unhide:no;
625        mso-style-locked:yes;
626        mso-style-link:"Heading 1";
627        mso-ansi-font-size:24.0pt;
628        mso-bidi-font-size:24.0pt;
629        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
630        mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
631        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
632        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
633        mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
634        mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
635        mso-font-kerning:18.0pt;
636        font-weight:bold;}
637span.Heading2Char
638        {mso-style-name:"Heading 2 Char";
639        mso-style-noshow:yes;
640        mso-style-priority:9;
641        mso-style-unhide:no;
642        mso-style-locked:yes;
643        mso-style-link:"Heading 2";
644        mso-ansi-font-size:18.0pt;
645        mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt;
646        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
647        mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
648        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
649        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
650        mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
651        mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
652        font-weight:bold;}
653span.Heading3Char
654        {mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char";
655        mso-style-noshow:yes;
656        mso-style-priority:9;
657        mso-style-unhide:no;
658        mso-style-locked:yes;
659        mso-style-link:"Heading 3";
660        mso-ansi-font-size:13.5pt;
661        mso-bidi-font-size:13.5pt;
662        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
663        mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
664        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
665        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
666        mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
667        mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
668        font-weight:bold;}
669span.Heading4Char
670        {mso-style-name:"Heading 4 Char";
671        mso-style-noshow:yes;
672        mso-style-priority:9;
673        mso-style-unhide:no;
674        mso-style-locked:yes;
675        mso-style-link:"Heading 4";
676        mso-ansi-font-size:13.0pt;
677        mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
678        font-family:"Cambria","serif";
679        mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
680        mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
681        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
682        mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
683        mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
684        mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
685        mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
686        mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
687        color:#4F81BD;
688        mso-themecolor:accent1;
689        font-weight:bold;
690        font-style:italic;}
691span.Heading5Char
692        {mso-style-name:"Heading 5 Char";
693        mso-style-noshow:yes;
694        mso-style-priority:9;
695        mso-style-unhide:no;
696        mso-style-locked:yes;
697        mso-style-link:"Heading 5";
698        mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;
699        mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
700        font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
701        mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
702        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
703        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
704        mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
705        mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
706        color:#4F4FFF;
707        font-weight:bold;}
708span.HTMLPreformattedChar
709        {mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char";
710        mso-style-noshow:yes;
711        mso-style-priority:99;
712        mso-style-unhide:no;
713        mso-style-locked:yes;
714        mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted";
715        font-family:"Courier New";
716        mso-ascii-font-family:"Courier New";
717        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
718        mso-hansi-font-family:"Courier New";
719        mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";}
720span.DocumentMapChar
721        {mso-style-name:"Document Map Char";
722        mso-style-noshow:yes;
723        mso-style-priority:99;
724        mso-style-unhide:no;
725        mso-style-locked:yes;
726        mso-style-link:"Document Map";
727        mso-ansi-font-size:8.0pt;
728        mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;
729        font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
730        mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
731        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
732        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
733        mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
734        mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;}
735span.BalloonTextChar
736        {mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
737        mso-style-noshow:yes;
738        mso-style-priority:99;
739        mso-style-unhide:no;
740        mso-style-locked:yes;
741        mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
742        mso-ansi-font-size:8.0pt;
743        mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;
744        font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
745        mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;
746        mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
747        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
748        mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
749        mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;}
750span.SpellE
751        {mso-style-name:"";
752        mso-spl-e:yes;}
753span.GramE
754        {mso-style-name:"";
755        mso-gram-e:yes;}
756.MsoChpDefault
757        {mso-style-type:export-only;
758        mso-default-props:yes;
759        font-size:10.0pt;
760        mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
761        mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
762        font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
763        mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
764        mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
765        mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
766        mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
767        mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
768        mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
769        mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
770        mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
771@page WordSection1
772        {size:8.5in 11.0in;
773        margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;
774        mso-header-margin:.5in;
775        mso-footer-margin:.5in;
776        mso-paper-source:0;}
777div.WordSection1
778        {page:WordSection1;}
779 /* List Definitions */
780 @list l0
781        {mso-list-id:608973138;
782        mso-list-type:hybrid;
783        mso-list-template-ids:-1449999034 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;}
784@list l0:level1
785        {mso-level-tab-stop:none;
786        mso-level-number-position:left;
787        text-indent:-.25in;}
788@list l0:level2
789        {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
790        mso-level-tab-stop:none;
791        mso-level-number-position:left;
792        text-indent:-.25in;}
793@list l0:level3
794        {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
795        mso-level-tab-stop:none;
796        mso-level-number-position:right;
797        text-indent:-9.0pt;}
798@list l0:level4
799        {mso-level-tab-stop:none;
800        mso-level-number-position:left;
801        text-indent:-.25in;}
802@list l0:level5
803        {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
804        mso-level-tab-stop:none;
805        mso-level-number-position:left;
806        text-indent:-.25in;}
807@list l0:level6
808        {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
809        mso-level-tab-stop:none;
810        mso-level-number-position:right;
811        text-indent:-9.0pt;}
812@list l0:level7
813        {mso-level-tab-stop:none;
814        mso-level-number-position:left;
815        text-indent:-.25in;}
816@list l0:level8
817        {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
818        mso-level-tab-stop:none;
819        mso-level-number-position:left;
820        text-indent:-.25in;}
821@list l0:level9
822        {mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
823        mso-level-tab-stop:none;
824        mso-level-number-position:right;
825        text-indent:-9.0pt;}
826ol
827        {margin-bottom:0in;}
828ul
829        {margin-bottom:0in;}
830-->
831</style>
832<!--[if gte mso 10]>
833<style>
834 /* Style Definitions */
835 table.MsoNormalTable
836        {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
837        mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
838        mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
839        mso-style-noshow:yes;
840        mso-style-priority:99;
841        mso-style-parent:"";
842        mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
843        mso-para-margin:0in;
844        mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
845        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
846        font-size:10.0pt;
847        font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
848        mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
849        mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
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852table.MsoTableGrid
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854        mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
855        mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
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857        mso-style-unhide:no;
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872</style>
873<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
874 <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026"/>
875</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
876 <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
877  <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/>
878 </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
879</head>
880
881<body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:.5in'>
882
883<div class=WordSection1>
884
885<h1><strong><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Fitting Small Angle X-Ray
886Data – Alumina Powder</span><o:p></o:p></strong></h1>
887
888<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'>In
889this tutorial you will fit small angle scattering data for an alumina polishing
890powder using data from a constant wavelength synchrotron X-ray USAXS
891instrument. You will use both a lognormal distribution of spherical particles
892model and a unified <span class=SpellE>Guinier-Porod</span> model. The data
893were collected from <span style='mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
894minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>powders
895spread onto sticky tape and covered with another layer of the same tape. The
896data were corrected for background using data collected from two layers of
897sticky tape. However, the sample thickness is not</span> accurately known <span
898style='mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
899mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'>so the data are not calibrated
900on an absolute scale.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
901
902<p class=MsoNormal>If you have not done so already, <a
903href="Starting%20GSAS.htm">start GSAS-II</a>.</p>
904
905<h2>Step 1: read in the data file</h2>
906
907<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span
908style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span
909style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]>If
910you have saved the GSAS-II project file from the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
911normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
912minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Size Distribution</span></b>
913tutorial, use <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
914"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
915minor-latin'>File/Open project…</span></b> menu item to retrieve the data; plots
916of the size distribution and the data will appear. Then go to <!--[if supportFields]><b
917style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
918mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
919style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>REF
920_Ref386704789 \h <span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>\* MERGEFORMAT <span
921style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b
922style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
923mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Step 2: Set
924Limits<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
925 <w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300380036003700300034003700380039000000</w:data>
926</xml><![endif]--></span></b><!--[if supportFields]><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
927normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
928minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span></b><![endif]-->.
929Otherwise, use the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
930style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
931mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
932minor-latin'>Import/Small Angle Data/from a q step QIE data file</span></b>
933menu item to read the data file into GSAS-II. This read option is set to read
934three column small angle scattering data (SASD) as Q, intensity and estimated
935standard deviation in intensity; there may be a header with metadata
936information in the front of this file.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> 
937</span>Change the file directory to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
938style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
939mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
940minor-latin'>Exercises/Small angle</span></b><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
941mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
942Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'> to find the file.</span></p>
943
944<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span
945style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span
946style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]>Select
947the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
948mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
949Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>alumina data.dat</span></b><span
950style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
951mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
952minor-latin'> data</span> file in the first dialog and press <b
953style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
954mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
955Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Open</span></b>. There will be a
956Dialog box asking <span class=GramE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
957style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
958mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
959minor-latin'>Is</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
960style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
961mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
962minor-latin'> this the file you want?</span></b> Press <span class=GramE><b
963style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
964mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
965Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Yes</span></b></span> button to
966proceed.</p>
967
968<p class=MsoNormal>At this point the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
969style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
970mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
971minor-latin'>GSAS-II data tree</span></b> window will have several entries and
972the plot window will show the SASD pattern as a log-log plot of intensity vs. Q</p>
973
974<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
975 id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
976 path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
977 <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
978 <v:formulas>
979  <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
980  <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
981  <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
982  <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
983  <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
984  <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
985  <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
986  <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
987  <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
988  <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
989  <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
990  <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
991 </v:formulas>
992 <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
993 <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
994</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1048" type="#_x0000_t75"
995 style='width:525pt;height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
996 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image001.png"
997  o:title=""/>
998</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
999src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image001.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_6"><![endif]></span></p>
1000
1001<h2><a name="_Ref386704789">Step 2: Set Limits</a></h2>
1002
1003<p class=MsoNormal>For this step we will reposition the limits to exclude only the
1004last point in the pattern as it does appear to be somewhat suspect (see plot).
1005Select <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1006mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Limits</span></b>
1007under <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1008mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>SASD alumina
1009data.dat</span></b> from the GSAS-II tree. Set the upper limit <span
1010class=SpellE>limit</span> using the cursor on the plot by picking the
1011next-to-last point on the curve with the left or right mouse button. The limits
1012window should look like</p>
1013
1014<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1015 id="Picture_x0020_15" o:spid="_x0000_i1047" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:225pt;
1016 height:195pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1017 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image002.png"
1018  o:title=""/>
1019</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=300 height=260
1020src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image002.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_15"><![endif]></span><span
1021style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></p>
1022
1023<h2>Step 3 Select the scattering substances for your sample</h2>
1024
1025<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'>If you have already done this
1026step in the </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1027style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1028mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-no-proof:yes'>Size Distribution</span></b><span
1029style='mso-no-proof:yes'> tutorial, skip to </span><!--[if supportFields]><b
1030style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1031mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-no-proof:
1032yes'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
1033style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>REF _Ref386699210 \h <span
1034style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>\* MERGEFORMAT <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b
1035style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1036mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Step 4: Set
1037Sample parameters<span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
1038 <w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300380036003600390039003200310030000000</w:data>
1039</xml><![endif]--></span></span></b><!--[if supportFields]><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1040normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1041minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-no-proof:yes'><span
1042style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span></b><![endif]--><span
1043style='mso-no-proof:yes'>. Two substances need to be defined for your sample to
1044give the anticipated scattering contrast; in this case one is alumina and the
1045other is “vacuum” (really air). Parameters for a number of substances are
1046defined in the file </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1047style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1048mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-no-proof:yes'>Substances.py</span></b><span
1049style='mso-no-proof:yes'>. You can add your own substances to this or better
1050put them in </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1051style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1052mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-no-proof:yes'>UserSubstances.py</span></b><span
1053style='mso-no-proof:yes'>; this is read after Substances.py when you load
1054substances for your selection. </span>Select <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1055normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1056minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Substances</span></b> under <b
1057style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1058mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>SASD alumina
1059data.dat</span></b> from the GSAS-II tree. Then do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1060normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1061minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Edit/Load</span></b> substance
1062from the menu; a popup window will appear with possible selections</p>
1063
1064<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1065 id="_x0000_i1046" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:259.5pt;height:252pt;
1066 visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1067 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image003.png"
1068  o:title=""/>
1069</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=346 height=336
1070src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image003.png" v:shapes="_x0000_i1046"><![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
1071
1072<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1073
1074<p class=MsoNormal>Select <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1075style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1076mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Alumina</span></b> and press <b
1077style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1078mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>OK</span></b>;
1079the relevant data for alumina (and vacuum) are displayed next</p>
1080
1081<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1082 id="_x0000_i1045" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:259.5pt;height:195pt;
1083 visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1084 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image004.png"
1085  o:title=""/>
1086</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=346 height=260
1087src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image004.png" v:shapes="_x0000_i1045"><![endif]></span><span
1088style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></p>
1089
1090<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1091
1092<p class=MsoNormal>If desired you can load/add as many substances as you desire
1093into this list; you can also delete any of them (except vacuum). The
1094composition, volume occupied by the atoms in the composition and the density
1095are given for each substance. These can each be edited; the other values will
1096change accordingly. If your substance isn’t in the list, you can <b
1097style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1098mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Edit/Add
1099substance</span></b> to create a new one (you will be asked for a name and the
1100set of elements in two successive popup windows). From this information the
1101scattering density and that as affected by resonant scattering for the listed
1102wavelength is displayed (the wavelength can be changed in the <b
1103style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1104mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Instrument
1105Parameters</span></b> GSAS-II tree item if needed). The resonant scattering
1106value is used for contrast calculations.</p>
1107
1108<h2><a name="_Ref386699210">Step 4: Set Sample parameters</a> </h2>
1109
1110<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'>If you have already done this
1111step in the </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1112style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1113mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-no-proof:yes'>Size Distribution</span></b><span
1114style='mso-no-proof:yes'> tutorial, skip to </span><!--[if supportFields]><b
1115style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1116mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-no-proof:
1117yes'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
1118style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>REF _Ref386699210 \h <span
1119style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>\* MERGEFORMAT <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span></b><![endif]--><!--[if supportFields]><b
1120style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1121mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span
1122style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><span
1123style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>REF _Ref386699439 \h </span><span
1124style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>\* MERGEFORMAT <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b
1125style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1126mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Step 5 Creation
1127and Refinement of Log Normal Particle Model<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
1128 <w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300380036003600390039003400330039000000</w:data>
1129</xml><![endif]--></span></b><!--[if supportFields]><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1130normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1131minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b
1132style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1133mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>.<span
1134style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
1135 <w:data>08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300380036003600390039003200310030000000</w:data>
1136</xml><![endif]--></span></span></b><!--[if supportFields]><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1137normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1138minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-no-proof:yes'><span
1139style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span></b><![endif]--><b
1140style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1141mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-no-proof:
1142yes'> </span></b>Two of the substances you have loaded into GSAS-II next need
1143to be selected for this experiment; Select <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1144style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1145mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Sample Parameters</span></b> under <b
1146style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1147mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>SASD alumina
1148data.dat</span></b> from the GSAS-II tree. Near the bottom of the window will
1149be two rows marked “<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1150style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1151mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Material</span></b>”; select <b
1152style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1153mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Alumina</span></b>
1154from one of the pull downs (leave the other as <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1155normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1156minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>vacuum</span></b>). The window
1157will show at the bottom the computed contrast between alumina and vacuum
1158without and with consideration of resonant scattering effects; the latter is
1159used in subsequent calculations.</p>
1160
1161<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1162 id="_x0000_i1044" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:305.25pt;height:369pt;
1163 visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1164 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image005.png"
1165  o:title=""/>
1166</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=407 height=492
1167src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image005.png" v:shapes="_x0000_i1044"><![endif]></span></p>
1168
1169<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1170
1171<p class=MsoNormal>For experiments for which you know the transmission and the
1172sample thickness, you can manipulate the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1173style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1174mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>volume fractions</span></b> to make the
1175calculated transmission match the observed one. Additionally, if you have
1176absolute scaling information, you can rescale the data by adjusting the <b
1177style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1178mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>histogram
1179scale factor</span></b>; multiple data sets can be scaled together via the <b
1180style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1181mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Command/Set
1182scale</span></b> menu item.</p>
1183
1184<h2><a name="_Ref386699439"></a><a name="_Ref386699331"><span style='mso-bookmark:
1185_Ref386699439'>Step 5 </span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Ref386699439'>Creation
1186and Refinement of Log Normal Particle Model</span></h2>
1187
1188<p class=MsoNormal>You are now ready to attempt fitting the data with a log
1189normal distribution of spherical particles. Thus you’ll need to select <b
1190style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1191mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Models</span></b>
1192under <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1193mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>SASD alumina
1194data.dat</span></b> from the GSAS-II tree; the data window will display the <b
1195style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1196mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Size dist.</span></b>
1197display;<span style='mso-no-proof:yes'> </span></p>
1198
1199<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>change</span> this to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1200normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1201minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Particle fit</span></b> using the
1202<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1203mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Modeling by</span></b>
1204pull down. NB: GSAS-II will remember your selection for the next time you enter
1205this <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1206mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Models</span></b>
1207data tree item.</p>
1208
1209<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1210 id="Picture_x0020_16" o:spid="_x0000_i1043" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:379.5pt;
1211 height:142.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1212 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image006.png"
1213  o:title=""/>
1214</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=506 height=190
1215src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image006.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_16"><![endif]></span></p>
1216
1217<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1218
1219<p class=MsoNormal>If you had done the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1220style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1221mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Size Distribution</span></b> tutorial, you
1222would know that there were two populations of particles in the sample. One had
1223a mean diameter of ~1300A and the other had a mean diameter of ~150A. You will
1224also need something to describe the very lowest Q portion of the data. Do <b
1225style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1226mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Models/Add</span></b>
1227from the menu; the data window will change and the plots will be refreshed.
1228Your first step is to change the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1229style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1230mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Material</span></b> to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1231normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1232minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Alumina</span></b> and make sure
1233the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1234mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Background</span></b>
1235is something reasonable (<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1236style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1237mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>0.11</span></b>) based on the data at highest
1238Q; again the data window and plots will be refreshed.</p>
1239
1240<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1241 id="Picture_x0020_17" o:spid="_x0000_i1042" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:379.5pt;
1242 height:315pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1243 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image007.png"
1244  o:title=""/>
1245</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=506 height=420
1246src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image007.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_17"><![endif]></span></p>
1247
1248<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1249
1250<p class=MsoNormal>The data plot shows a horizontal red line for the background
1251and a green one calculated from your selected model. </p>
1252
1253<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1254 id="Picture_x0020_18" o:spid="_x0000_i1041" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1255 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1256 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image008.png"
1257  o:title=""/>
1258</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1259src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image008.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_18"><![endif]></span></p>
1260
1261<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1262
1263<p class=MsoNormal>You can manually adjust the calculated curve by using the
1264sliders: increase <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1265style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1266mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1267normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1268minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Volume</span></b> and decrease <span
1269class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1270"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1271minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1272style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1273mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Mean</span></b> to improve the fit. NB: The <span
1274class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1275"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1276minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1277style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1278mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Mean</span></b> is a radius so its value is
1279roughly œ the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1280"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1281minor-latin'>Size Distribution</span></b> result. The sliders cover 2 orders of
1282<span class=GramE>magnitude,</span> their range is reset if a value is entered
1283in the value field. After changing <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1284normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1285minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b
1286style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1287mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Mean</span></b>
1288to 700 and <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1289style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1290mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1291normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1292minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Volume</span></b> to <b
1293style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1294mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>0.0953</span></b>
1295my plot is</p>
1296
1297<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1298 id="Picture_x0020_19" o:spid="_x0000_i1040" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1299 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1300 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image009.png"
1301  o:title=""/>
1302</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1303src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image009.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_19"><![endif]></span></p>
1304
1305<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1306
1307<p class=MsoNormal>There is an obvious discrepancy at low Q and a much less
1308obvious one at Q~0.033Å<sup>-1</sup>; the latter is responsible for the ~150Å
1309peak in the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1310"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1311minor-latin'>Size Distribution</span></b> result. Do another <b
1312style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1313mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Models/Add</span></b>
1314to include it. The data window now shows two components</p>
1315
1316<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1317 id="Picture_x0020_20" o:spid="_x0000_i1039" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:379.5pt;
1318 height:487.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1319 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image010.png"
1320  o:title=""/>
1321</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=506 height=650
1322src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image010.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_20"><![endif]></span></p>
1323
1324<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1325
1326<p class=MsoNormal>Note the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1327style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1328mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Material</span></b> for the new one is preset
1329to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1330mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Alumina</span></b>
1331to save you the easily forgotten step of setting it. Change <span class=SpellE><b
1332style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1333mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b
1334style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1335mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Mean</span></b>
1336to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1337mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>75</span></b>
1338(i.e. œ of 150) and reduce <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1339normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1340minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b
1341style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1342mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Volume</span></b>
1343to make the green curve better match the data (you can inset ‘<b
1344style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1345mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>0</span></b>’s
1346in the value &amp; play with the slider – something like <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1347normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1348minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>0.0003</span></b> looks good). My
1349fit looked like</p>
1350
1351<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1352 id="Picture_x0020_21" o:spid="_x0000_i1038" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1353 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1354 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image011.png"
1355  o:title=""/>
1356</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1357src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image011.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_21"><![endif]></span></p>
1358
1359<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1360
1361<p class=MsoNormal>Finally we need to deal with the low Q region – this is
1362probably due to some agglomeration of the 1300Å articles which is best
1363described by a pure <span class=SpellE>Porod</span> power law scattering model.
1364Do another <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1365"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1366minor-latin'>Models/Add</span></b> and change the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1367normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1368minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Distribution </span></b>selection
1369to <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1370style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1371mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Porod</span></b></span>. The third component
1372is then (I’ve shrunk the window &amp; moved the scroll bar).</p>
1373
1374<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1375 id="Picture_x0020_22" o:spid="_x0000_i1037" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:379.5pt;
1376 height:270.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1377 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image012.png"
1378  o:title=""/>
1379</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=506 height=361
1380src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image012.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_22"><![endif]></span></p>
1381
1382<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1383
1384<p class=MsoNormal>The green curve on the plot looks very poor</p>
1385
1386<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1387 id="Picture_x0020_23" o:spid="_x0000_i1036" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1388 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1389 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image013.png"
1390  o:title=""/>
1391</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1392src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image013.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_23"><![endif]></span></p>
1393
1394<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1395
1396<p class=MsoNormal>Not to worry, all the problem is in the <span class=SpellE>Porod</span>
1397component variables. <span class=GramE>Remembering that this is likely to be an
1398agglomeration of 1300Å particles, set the <span class=SpellE><b
1399style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1400mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b
1401style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1402mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Cutoff</span></b>
1403to that value.</span> That immediately restores the higher Q portion of the
1404fit.</p>
1405
1406<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1407 id="Picture_x0020_24" o:spid="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1408 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1409 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image014.png"
1410  o:title=""/>
1411</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1412src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image014.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_24"><![endif]></span></p>
1413
1414<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1415
1416<p class=MsoNormal>Next use the <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1417normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1418minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b
1419style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1420mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> P</span></b>
1421(power law exponent) slider to adjust the fit. In this case setting <span
1422class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1423"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1424minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1425style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1426mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> P</span></b> to ~<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1427normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1428minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>3.25</span></b> gives a pretty
1429good fit without needing to adjust the <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1430normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1431minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b
1432style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1433mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> B</span></b>
1434<span class=SpellE>prefactor</span>.</p>
1435
1436<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1437 id="Picture_x0020_25" o:spid="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1438 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1439 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image015.png"
1440  o:title=""/>
1441</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1442src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image015.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_25"><![endif]></span></p>
1443
1444<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1445
1446<p class=MsoNormal>Finally, you can refine these coefficients to find the best
1447fit to the data. As a beginner, I’d start by refining just the two <span
1448class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1449"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1450minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1451style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1452mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Volume</span></b> and the <span
1453class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1454"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1455minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1456style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1457mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> B</span></b> along with the <b
1458style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1459mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Background</span></b>
1460parameters (one might be able to refine “everything” at once, but then again it
1461might not work); check the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1462style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1463mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Refine?</span></b> <span class=GramE>boxes</span>
1464for these parameters. Do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1465style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1466mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Models/Fit </span></b>to do the least squares
1467refinement; convergence will occur very quickly. NB: if the refinement messes
1468up, you can recover the previous result; do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1469normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1470minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Models/Undo</span></b> to
1471recover. Then add the two <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1472normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1473minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b
1474style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1475mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Mean</span></b>
1476and <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1477style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1478mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1479normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1480minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> P</span></b> parameters to the
1481refinement, again convergence is easily obtained. Finally, add the two <span
1482class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1483"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1484minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1485style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1486mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> <span class=SpellE>StdDev</span></span></b> and
1487<span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1488style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1489mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1490normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1491minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Cutoff</span></b> parameters (a
1492total of ten) to the list. The result is a really nice fit to the data with
1493reasonable values; the console window shows the full results of the refinement</p>
1494
1495<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1496 id="Picture_x0020_28" o:spid="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:549.75pt;
1497 height:206.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1498 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image016.png"
1499  o:title=""/>
1500</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=733 height=275
1501src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image016.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_28"><![endif]></span></p>
1502
1503<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1504
1505<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1506 id="Picture_x0020_27" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1507 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1508 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image017.png"
1509  o:title=""/>
1510</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1511src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image017.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_27"><![endif]></span></p>
1512
1513<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1514
1515<p class=MsoNormal>If you had done a <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1516style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1517mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Size Distribution</span></b> analysis, these
1518results are plotted as component curves on that plot as well</p>
1519
1520<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1521 id="Picture_x0020_29" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1522 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1523 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image018.png"
1524  o:title=""/>
1525</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1526src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image018.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_29"><![endif]></span></p>
1527
1528<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1529
1530<p class=MsoNormal>This is the sort of agreement one should expect between the
1531best fit and the size distribution. To save these results you must do <b
1532style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1533mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>File/Save
1534project </span></b>in the main <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1535style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1536mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>GSAS-II data tree</span></b> window.</p>
1537
1538<h2>Step 6 Creation of a Unified <span class=SpellE>Guinier-Porod</span> Model</h2>
1539
1540<p class=MsoNormal>For the Unified model there is assumed to be particles with
1541some radius of gyration (<span class=SpellE>Guinier</span> model) with a power
1542law distribution tail (<span class=SpellE>Porod</span> model). This can be set
1543for your model by changing the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1544style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1545mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Distribution</span></b> for the first two
1546components to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1547"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1548minor-latin'>Unified</span></b>. NB: the log normal coefficients are not lost
1549by this step; they can be recovered by simply changing the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1550normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1551minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Distribution</span></b> back to <span
1552class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1553"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1554minor-latin'>LogNormal</span></b></span>. The data window values give the
1555defaults for these components</p>
1556
1557<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><span
1558style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_30"
1559 o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:379.5pt;height:546pt;
1560 visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1561 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image019.png"
1562  o:title=""/>
1563</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=506 height=728
1564src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image019.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_30"><![endif]></span></p>
1565
1566<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1567
1568<p class=MsoNormal>And the plot shows a poor fit</p>
1569
1570<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1571 id="Picture_x0020_31" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1572 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1573 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image020.png"
1574  o:title=""/>
1575</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1576src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image020.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_31"><![endif]></span></p>
1577
1578<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1579
1580<p class=MsoNormal>First, change the <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1581normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1582minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b
1583style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1584mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> <span
1585class=SpellE>Rg</span></span></b> values to be about œ the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1586normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1587minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Size Distribution</span></b>
1588results (e.g. <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1589"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1590minor-latin'>700</span></b> &amp; <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1591style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1592mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>75</span></b>), then set the <span
1593class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1594"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1595minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1596style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1597mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Cutoff</span></b> value for the <span
1598class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1599"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1600minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1601style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1602mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> <span class=SpellE>Rg</span></span></b>=700
1603one to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1604mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>100</span></b>.
1605Next, change the <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1606style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1607mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1608normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1609minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> G</span></b> for the <span
1610class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1611"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1612minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1613style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1614mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> <span class=SpellE>Rg</span>=700</span></b>
1615one to be about the Intensity value for the lower Q bump in the data (~<b
1616style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1617mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>1.0e6</span></b>).
1618Finally, reduce the <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1619style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1620mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1621normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1622minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> G</span></b> value for the <span
1623class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1624"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1625minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1626style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1627mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> <span class=SpellE>Rg</span>=75</span></b>
1628component to get the best fit to the data (~<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1629normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1630minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>210</span></b>). The data window
1631looks like</p>
1632
1633<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1634 id="Picture_x0020_32" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:379.5pt;
1635 height:546pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1636 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image021.png"
1637  o:title=""/>
1638</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=506 height=728
1639src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image021.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_32"><![endif]></span></p>
1640
1641<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1642
1643<p class=MsoNormal>And the plot looks like</p>
1644
1645<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1646 id="Picture_x0020_33" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1647 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1648 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image022.png"
1649  o:title=""/>
1650</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1651src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image022.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_33"><![endif]></span></p>
1652
1653<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1654
1655<p class=MsoNormal>This is probably close enough to do a refinement. Select <b
1656style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1657mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Refine?</span></b>
1658For <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1659style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1660mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1661normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1662minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> G</span></b>, <span
1663class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1664"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1665minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1666style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1667mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> <span class=SpellE>Rg</span></span></b> and <span
1668class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1669"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1670minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1671style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1672mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> B</span></b> for both components (the <span
1673class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:
1674"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
1675minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1676style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1677mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> B</span></b>, <span class=SpellE><b
1678style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1679mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b
1680style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1681mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> P</span></b>
1682and <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1683mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Background
1684Refine?</span></b> boxes should also be checked). Then do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1685normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1686minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Models/Fit</span></b>; it should
1687rapidly converge to give in the console window</p>
1688
1689<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1690 id="Picture_x0020_34" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:549.75pt;
1691 height:206.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1692 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image023.png"
1693  o:title=""/>
1694</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=733 height=275
1695src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image023.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_34"><![endif]></span></p>
1696
1697<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1698
1699<p class=MsoNormal>And the closeness of the fit to the data in the plot is</p>
1700
1701<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
1702 id="Picture_x0020_35" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:525pt;
1703 height:450pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
1704 <v:imagedata src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image024.png"
1705  o:title=""/>
1706</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=700 height=600
1707src="Fitting%20Small%20Angle%20Scattering%20Data_files/image024.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_35"><![endif]></span></p>
1708
1709<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1710
1711<p class=MsoNormal>This fit is almost as close as the log normal one done
1712earlier. However, the <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1713style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1714mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
1715normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:
1716minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> <span class=SpellE>Rg</span></span></b>
1717values are a bit less than the corresponding <span class=SpellE><b
1718style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1719mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Dist</span></b></span><b
1720style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1721mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'> Mean</span></b>
1722values obtained earlier. Also note that this model makes no reference to the
1723substance contrast used earlier (the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1724style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1725mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Size Distribution</span></b> plot will not
1726have curves calculated from this model). To save these results you must do <b
1727style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
1728mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>File/Save
1729project </span></b>in the main <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
1730style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
1731mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>GSAS-II data tree</span></b> window.</p>
1732
1733<p class=MsoNormal>This concludes the SASD modeling tutorial.<o:p></o:p></p>
1734
1735<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1736
1737<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
1738
1739</div>
1740
1741</body>
1742
1743</html>
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