1 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- |
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2 | """ |
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3 | *GSASIIElem: functions for element types* |
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4 | ----------------------------------------- |
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5 | |
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6 | """ |
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7 | # Copyright: 2008, Robert B. Von Dreele & Brian H. Toby (Argonne National Laboratory) |
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8 | ########### SVN repository information ################### |
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9 | # $Date: 2014-05-28 16:57:03 +0000 (Wed, 28 May 2014) $ |
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10 | # $Author: vondreele $ |
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11 | # $Revision: 1365 $ |
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12 | # $URL: trunk/GSASIIElem.py $ |
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13 | # $Id: GSASIIElem.py 1365 2014-05-28 16:57:03Z vondreele $ |
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14 | ########### SVN repository information ################### |
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15 | |
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16 | import math |
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17 | import os.path |
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18 | import GSASIIpath |
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19 | GSASIIpath.SetVersionNumber("$Revision: 1365 $") |
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20 | import numpy as np |
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21 | import atmdata |
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22 | |
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23 | getElSym = lambda sym: sym.split('+')[0].split('-')[0] |
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24 | def GetFormFactorCoeff(El): |
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25 | """Read X-ray form factor coefficients from `atomdata.py` file |
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26 | |
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27 | :param str El: element 1-2 character symbol, case irrevelant |
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28 | :return: `FormFactors`: list of form factor dictionaries |
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29 | |
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30 | Each X-ray form factor dictionary is: |
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31 | |
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32 | * `Symbol`: 4 character element symbol with valence (e.g. 'NI+2') |
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33 | * `Z`: atomic number |
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34 | * `fa`: 4 A coefficients |
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35 | * `fb`: 4 B coefficients |
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36 | * `fc`: C coefficient |
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37 | |
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38 | """ |
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39 | |
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40 | Els = El.capitalize().strip() |
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41 | valences = [ky for ky in atmdata.XrayFF.keys() if Els == getElSym(ky)] |
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42 | FormFactors = [atmdata.XrayFF[val] for val in valences] |
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43 | for Sy,FF in zip(valences,FormFactors): |
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44 | FF.update({'Symbol':Sy.upper()}) |
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45 | return FormFactors |
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46 | |
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47 | def GetFFtable(atomTypes): |
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48 | ''' returns a dictionary of form factor data for atom types found in atomTypes |
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49 | |
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50 | :param list atomTypes: list of atom types |
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51 | :return: FFtable, dictionary of form factor data; key is atom type |
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52 | |
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53 | ''' |
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54 | FFtable = {} |
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55 | for El in atomTypes: |
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56 | FFs = GetFormFactorCoeff(getElSym(El)) |
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57 | for item in FFs: |
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58 | if item['Symbol'] == El.upper(): |
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59 | FFtable[El] = item |
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60 | return FFtable |
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61 | |
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62 | def GetBLtable(General): |
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63 | ''' returns a dictionary of neutron scattering length data for atom types & isotopes found in General |
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64 | |
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65 | :param dict General: dictionary of phase info.; includes AtomTypes & Isotopes |
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66 | :return: BLtable, dictionary of scattering length data; key is atom type |
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67 | ''' |
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68 | atomTypes = General['AtomTypes'] |
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69 | BLtable = {} |
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70 | isotopes = General['Isotopes'] |
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71 | isotope = General['Isotope'] |
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72 | for El in atomTypes: |
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73 | ElS = getElSym(El) |
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74 | if 'Nat' in isotope[El]: |
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75 | BLtable[El] = [isotope[El],atmdata.AtmBlens[ElS+'_']] |
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76 | else: |
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77 | BLtable[El] = [isotope[El],atmdata.AtmBlens[ElS+'_'+isotope[El]]] |
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78 | return BLtable |
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79 | |
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80 | def getFFvalues(FFtables,SQ,ifList=False): |
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81 | 'Needs a doc string' |
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82 | if ifList: |
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83 | FFvals = [] |
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84 | for El in FFtables: |
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85 | FFvals.append(ScatFac(FFtables[El],SQ)[0]) |
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86 | else: |
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87 | FFvals = {} |
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88 | for El in FFtables: |
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89 | FFvals[El] = ScatFac(FFtables[El],SQ)[0] |
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90 | return FFvals |
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91 | |
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92 | def getBLvalues(BLtables,ifList=False): |
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93 | 'Needs a doc string' |
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94 | if ifList: |
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95 | BLvals = [] |
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96 | for El in BLtables: |
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97 | BLvals.append(BLtables[El][1]['SL'][0]) |
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98 | else: |
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99 | BLvals = {} |
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100 | for El in BLtables: |
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101 | BLvals[El] = BLtables[El][1]['SL'][0] |
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102 | return BLvals |
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103 | |
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104 | def GetFFC5(ElSym): |
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105 | '''Get 5 term form factor and Compton scattering data |
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106 | |
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107 | :param ElSym: str(1-2 character element symbol with proper case); |
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108 | :return El: dictionary with 5 term form factor & compton coefficients |
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109 | ''' |
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110 | import FormFactors as FF |
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111 | El = {} |
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112 | FF5 = FF.FFac5term[ElSym] |
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113 | El['fa'] = FF5[:5] |
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114 | El['fc'] = FF5[5] |
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115 | El['fb'] = FF5[6:] |
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116 | Cmp5 = FF.Compton[ElSym] |
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117 | El['cmpz'] = Cmp5[0] |
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118 | El['cmpa'] = Cmp5[1:6] |
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119 | El['cmpb'] = Cmp5[6:] |
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120 | return El |
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121 | |
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122 | def CheckElement(El): |
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123 | '''Check if element El is in the periodic table |
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124 | |
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125 | :param str El: One or two letter element symbol, capitaliztion ignored |
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126 | :returns: True if the element is found |
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127 | |
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128 | ''' |
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129 | import ElementTable as ET |
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130 | Elements = [] |
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131 | for elem in ET.ElTable: |
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132 | Elements.append(elem[0][0]) |
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133 | if El.capitalize() in Elements: |
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134 | return True |
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135 | else: |
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136 | return False |
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137 | |
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138 | def FixValence(El): |
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139 | 'Returns the element symbol, even when a valence is present' |
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140 | if '+' in El[-1]: #converts An+/- to A+/-n |
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141 | num = El[-2] |
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142 | El = El.split(num)[0]+'+'+num |
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143 | if '+0' in El: |
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144 | El = El.split('+0')[0] |
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145 | if '-' in El[-1]: |
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146 | num = El[-2] |
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147 | El = El.split(num)[0]+'-'+num |
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148 | if '-0' in El: |
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149 | El = El.split('-0')[0] |
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150 | return El |
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151 | |
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152 | def GetAtomInfo(El): |
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153 | 'reads element information from atmdata.py' |
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154 | import ElementTable as ET |
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155 | Elements = [elem[0][0] for elem in ET.ElTable] |
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156 | AtomInfo = {} |
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157 | ElS = getElSym(El) |
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158 | AtomInfo.update(dict(zip(['Drad','Arad','Vdrad','Hbrad'],atmdata.AtmSize[ElS]))) |
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159 | AtomInfo['Symbol'] = El |
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160 | AtomInfo['Color'] = ET.ElTable[Elements.index(ElS)][6] |
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161 | AtomInfo['Z'] = atmdata.XrayFF[El]['Z'] |
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162 | isotopes = [ky for ky in atmdata.AtmBlens.keys() if ElS == ky.split('_')[0]] |
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163 | isotopes.sort() |
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164 | AtomInfo['Mass'] = atmdata.AtmBlens[isotopes[0]]['Mass'] #default to nat. abund. |
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165 | AtomInfo['Isotopes'] = {} |
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166 | for isotope in isotopes: |
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167 | data = atmdata.AtmBlens[isotope] |
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168 | if isotope == ElS+'_': |
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169 | AtomInfo['Isotopes']['Nat. Abund.'] = data |
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170 | else: |
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171 | AtomInfo['Isotopes'][isotope.split('_')[1]] = data |
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172 | return AtomInfo |
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173 | |
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174 | def GetXsectionCoeff(El): |
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175 | """Read atom orbital scattering cross sections for fprime calculations via Cromer-Lieberman algorithm |
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176 | |
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177 | :param El: 2 character element symbol |
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178 | :return: Orbs: list of orbitals each a dictionary with detailed orbital information used by FPcalc |
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179 | |
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180 | each dictionary is: |
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181 | |
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182 | * 'OrbName': Orbital name read from file |
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183 | * 'IfBe' 0/2 depending on orbital |
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184 | * 'BindEn': binding energy |
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185 | * 'BB': BindEn/0.02721 |
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186 | * 'XSectIP': 5 cross section inflection points |
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187 | * 'ElEterm': energy correction term |
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188 | * 'SEdge': absorption edge for orbital |
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189 | * 'Nval': 10/11 depending on IfBe |
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190 | * 'LEner': 10/11 values of log(energy) |
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191 | * 'LXSect': 10/11 values of log(cross section) |
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192 | |
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193 | """ |
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194 | AU = 2.80022e+7 |
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195 | C1 = 0.02721 |
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196 | ElS = El.upper() |
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197 | ElS = ElS.ljust(2) |
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198 | filename = os.path.join(os.path.split(__file__)[0],'Xsect.dat') |
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199 | try: |
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200 | xsec = open(filename,'Ur') |
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201 | except: |
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202 | print '**** ERROR - File Xsect.dat not found in directory %s' % sys.path[0] |
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203 | sys.exit() |
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204 | S = '1' |
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205 | Orbs = [] |
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206 | while S: |
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207 | S = xsec.readline() |
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208 | if S[:2] == ElS: |
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209 | S = S[:-1]+xsec.readline()[:-1]+xsec.readline() |
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210 | OrbName = S[9:14] |
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211 | S = S[14:] |
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212 | IfBe = int(S[0]) |
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213 | S = S[1:] |
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214 | val = S.split() |
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215 | BindEn = float(val[0]) |
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216 | BB = BindEn/C1 |
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217 | Orb = {'OrbName':OrbName,'IfBe':IfBe,'BindEn':BindEn,'BB':BB} |
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218 | Energy = [] |
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219 | XSect = [] |
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220 | for i in range(11): |
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221 | Energy.append(float(val[2*i+1])) |
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222 | XSect.append(float(val[2*i+2])) |
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223 | XSecIP = [] |
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224 | for i in range(5): XSecIP.append(XSect[i+5]/AU) |
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225 | Orb['XSecIP'] = XSecIP |
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226 | if IfBe == 0: |
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227 | Orb['SEdge'] = XSect[10]/AU |
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228 | Nval = 11 |
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229 | else: |
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230 | Orb['ElEterm'] = XSect[10] |
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231 | del Energy[10] |
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232 | del XSect[10] |
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233 | Nval = 10 |
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234 | Orb['SEdge'] = 0.0 |
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235 | Orb['Nval'] = Nval |
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236 | D = dict(zip(Energy,XSect)) |
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237 | Energy.sort() |
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238 | X = [] |
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239 | for key in Energy: |
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240 | X.append(D[key]) |
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241 | XSect = X |
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242 | LEner = [] |
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243 | LXSect = [] |
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244 | for i in range(Nval): |
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245 | LEner.append(math.log(Energy[i])) |
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246 | if XSect[i] > 0.0: |
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247 | LXSect.append(math.log(XSect[i])) |
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248 | else: |
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249 | LXSect.append(0.0) |
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250 | Orb['LEner'] = LEner |
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251 | Orb['LXSect'] = LXSect |
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252 | Orbs.append(Orb) |
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253 | xsec.close() |
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254 | return Orbs |
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255 | |
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256 | def GetMagFormFacCoeff(El): |
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257 | """Read magnetic form factor data from atomdata.asc file |
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258 | |
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259 | :param El: 2 character element symbol |
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260 | :return: MagFormFactors: list of all magnetic form factors dictionaries for element El. |
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261 | |
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262 | each dictionary contains: |
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263 | |
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264 | * 'Symbol':Symbol |
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265 | * 'Z':Z |
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266 | * 'mfa': 4 MA coefficients |
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267 | * 'nfa': 4 NA coefficients |
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268 | * 'mfb': 4 MB coefficients |
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269 | * 'nfb': 4 NB coefficients |
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270 | * 'mfc': MC coefficient |
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271 | * 'nfc': NC coefficient |
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272 | |
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273 | """ |
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274 | MagFormFactors = [] |
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275 | mags = [ky for ky in atmdata.MagFF.keys() if El == getElSym(ky)] |
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276 | for mag in mags: |
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277 | magData = {} |
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278 | data = atmdata.MagFF[mag] |
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279 | magData['Symbol'] = mag |
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280 | magData['Z'] = atmdata.XrayFF[getElSym(mags)]['Z'] |
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281 | magData['mfa'] = [data['M'][i] for i in [0,2,4,6]] |
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282 | magdata['mfb'] = [data['M'][i] for i in [1,3,5,7]] |
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283 | magdata['mfc'] = data['M'][8] |
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284 | magData['nfa'] = [data['N'][i] for i in [0,2,4,6]] |
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285 | magdata['nfb'] = [data['N'][i] for i in [1,3,5,7]] |
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286 | magdata['nfc'] = data['N'][8] |
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287 | magdata['g-fac'] = data['N'][9] |
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288 | MagFormFactors.append(magdata) |
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289 | return MagFormFactors |
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290 | |
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291 | def ScatFac(El, SQ): |
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292 | """compute value of form factor |
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293 | |
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294 | :param El: element dictionary defined in GetFormFactorCoeff |
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295 | :param SQ: (sin-theta/lambda)**2 |
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296 | :return: real part of form factor |
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297 | """ |
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298 | fa = np.array(El['fa']) |
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299 | fb = np.array(El['fb']) |
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300 | t = -fb[:,np.newaxis]*SQ |
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301 | return np.sum(fa[:,np.newaxis]*np.exp(t)[:],axis=0)+El['fc'] |
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302 | |
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303 | def BlenRes(Elist,BLtables,wave): |
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304 | FP = np.zeros(len(Elist)) |
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305 | FPP = np.zeros(len(Elist)) |
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306 | Emev = 81.80703/wave**2 |
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307 | for i,El in enumerate(Elist): |
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308 | BL = BLtables[El] |
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309 | if len(BL) >= 6: |
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310 | Emev = 81.80703/wave**2 |
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311 | G2 = BL[5]**2 |
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312 | T = [Emev-BL[4],0,0] |
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313 | D = [T**2+G2,0,0] |
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314 | fp = T/D |
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315 | fpp = 1.0/D |
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316 | if len(BL) == 8: |
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317 | T = Emev-BL[7] |
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318 | D = T**2+G2 |
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319 | fp += BL[6]*T/D |
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320 | fpp += BL[6]/D |
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321 | if len(BL) == 10: |
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322 | T = Emev-BL[9] |
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323 | D = T**2+G2 |
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324 | fp += BL[8]*T/D |
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325 | fpp += BL[8]/D |
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326 | FP[i] = (BL[2]*fp) |
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327 | FPP[i] = (-BL[3]*fpp) |
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328 | else: |
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329 | FP[i] = 0.0 |
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330 | FPP[i] = 0.0 |
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331 | return FP,FPP |
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332 | |
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333 | #def BlenRes(BLdata,wave): |
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334 | # FP = [] |
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335 | # FPP = [] |
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336 | # Emev = 81.80703/wave**2 |
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337 | # for BL in BLdata: |
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338 | # if len(BL) >= 6: |
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339 | # G2 = BL[5]**2 |
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340 | # T = [Emev-BL[4],0,0] |
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341 | # D = [T**2+G2,0,0] |
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342 | # fp = T/D |
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343 | # fpp = 1.0/D |
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344 | # if len(BL) == 8: |
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345 | # T = Emev-BL[7] |
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346 | # D = T**2+G2 |
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347 | # fp += BL[6]*T/D |
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348 | # fpp += BL[6]/D |
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349 | # if len(BL) == 10: |
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350 | # T = Emev-BL[9] |
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351 | # D = T**2+G2 |
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352 | # fp += BL[8]*T/D |
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353 | # fpp += BL[8]/D |
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354 | # FP.append(BL[2]*fp) |
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355 | # FPP.append(-BL[3]*fpp) |
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356 | # else: |
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357 | # FP.append(0.0) |
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358 | # FPP.append(0.0) |
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359 | # return np.array(FP),np.array(FPP) |
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360 | |
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361 | def ComptonFac(El,SQ): |
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362 | """compute Compton scattering factor |
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363 | |
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364 | :param El: element dictionary |
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365 | :param SQ: (sin-theta/lambda)**2 |
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366 | :return: compton scattering factor |
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367 | """ |
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368 | ca = np.array(El['cmpa']) |
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369 | cb = np.array(El['cmpb']) |
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370 | t = -cb[:,np.newaxis]*SQ |
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371 | return El['cmpz']-np.sum(ca[:,np.newaxis]*np.exp(t),axis=0) |
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372 | |
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373 | def FPcalc(Orbs, KEv): |
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374 | """Compute real & imaginary resonant X-ray scattering factors |
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375 | |
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376 | :param Orbs: list of orbital dictionaries as defined in GetXsectionCoeff |
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377 | :param KEv: x-ray energy in keV |
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378 | :return: C: (f',f",mu): real, imaginary parts of resonant scattering & atomic absorption coeff. |
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379 | """ |
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380 | def Aitken(Orb, LKev): |
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381 | Nval = Orb['Nval'] |
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382 | j = Nval-1 |
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383 | LEner = Orb['LEner'] |
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384 | for i in range(Nval): |
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385 | if LEner[i] <= LKev: j = i |
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386 | if j > Nval-3: j= Nval-3 |
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387 | T = [0,0,0,0,0,0] |
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388 | LXSect = Orb['LXSect'] |
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389 | for i in range(3): |
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390 | T[i] = LXSect[i+j] |
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391 | T[i+3] = LEner[i+j]-LKev |
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392 | T[1] = (T[0]*T[4]-T[1]*T[3])/(LEner[j+1]-LEner[j]) |
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393 | T[2] = (T[0]*T[5]-T[2]*T[3])/(LEner[j+2]-LEner[j]) |
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394 | T[2] = (T[1]*T[5]-T[2]*T[4])/(LEner[j+2]-LEner[j+1]) |
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395 | C = T[2] |
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396 | return C |
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397 | |
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398 | def DGauss(Orb,CX,RX,ISig): |
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399 | ALG = (0.11846344252810,0.23931433524968,0.284444444444, |
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400 | 0.23931433524968,0.11846344252810) |
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401 | XLG = (0.04691007703067,0.23076534494716,0.5, |
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402 | 0.76923465505284,0.95308992296933) |
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403 | |
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404 | D = 0.0 |
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405 | B2 = Orb['BB']**2 |
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406 | R2 = RX**2 |
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407 | XSecIP = Orb['XSecIP'] |
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408 | for i in range(5): |
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409 | X = XLG[i] |
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410 | X2 = X**2 |
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411 | XS = XSecIP[i] |
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412 | if ISig == 0: |
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413 | S = BB*(XS*(B2/X2)-CX*R2)/(R2*X2-B2) |
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414 | elif ISig == 1: |
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415 | S = 0.5*BB*B2*XS/(math.sqrt(X)*(R2*X2-X*B2)) |
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416 | elif ISig == 2: |
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417 | T = X*X2*R2-B2/X |
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418 | S = 2.0*BB*(XS*B2/(T*X2**2)-(CX*R2/T)) |
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419 | else: |
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420 | S = BB*B2*(XS-Orb['SEdge']*X2)/(R2*X2**2-X2*B2) |
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421 | A = ALG[i] |
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422 | D += A*S |
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423 | return D |
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424 | |
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425 | AU = 2.80022e+7 |
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426 | C1 = 0.02721 |
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427 | C = 137.0367 |
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428 | FP = 0.0 |
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429 | FPP = 0.0 |
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430 | Mu = 0.0 |
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431 | LKev = math.log(KEv) |
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432 | RX = KEv/C1 |
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433 | if Orbs: |
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434 | for Orb in Orbs: |
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435 | CX = 0.0 |
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436 | BB = Orb['BB'] |
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437 | BindEn = Orb['BindEn'] |
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438 | if Orb['IfBe'] != 0: ElEterm = Orb['ElEterm'] |
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439 | if BindEn <= KEv: |
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440 | CX = math.exp(Aitken(Orb,LKev)) |
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441 | Mu += CX |
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442 | CX /= AU |
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443 | Corr = 0.0 |
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444 | if Orb['IfBe'] == 0 and BindEn >= KEv: |
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445 | CX = 0.0 |
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446 | FPI = DGauss(Orb,CX,RX,3) |
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447 | Corr = 0.5*Orb['SEdge']*BB**2*math.log((RX-BB)/(-RX-BB))/RX |
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448 | else: |
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449 | FPI = DGauss(Orb,CX,RX,Orb['IfBe']) |
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450 | if CX != 0.0: Corr = -0.5*CX*RX*math.log((RX+BB)/(RX-BB)) |
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451 | FPI = (FPI+Corr)*C/(2.0*math.pi**2) |
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452 | FPPI = C*CX*RX/(4.0*math.pi) |
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453 | FP += FPI |
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454 | FPP += FPPI |
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455 | FP -= ElEterm |
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456 | |
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457 | return (FP, FPP, Mu) |
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458 | |
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459 | |
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