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2 | xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" |
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3 | xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" |
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4 | xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" |
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5 | xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> |
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6 | |
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7 | <head> |
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8 | <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"> |
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9 | <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> |
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10 | <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15"> |
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11 | <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 15"> |
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12 | <link rel=File-List href="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/filelist.xml"> |
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13 | <link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/editdata.mso"> |
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14 | <!--[if !mso]> |
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15 | <style> |
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16 | v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} |
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17 | o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} |
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18 | w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} |
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19 | .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} |
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20 | </style> |
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21 | <![endif]--> |
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24 | href="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/colorschememapping.xml"> |
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25 | <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> |
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26 | <w:WordDocument> |
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27 | <w:View>Print</w:View> |
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30 | <w:GrammarState>Clean</w:GrammarState> |
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31 | <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> |
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32 | <w:TrackFormatting/> |
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33 | <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> |
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35 | <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> |
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36 | <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> |
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37 | <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> |
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38 | <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> |
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39 | <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> |
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40 | <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> |
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41 | <w:Compatibility> |
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42 | <w:BreakWrappedTables/> |
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43 | <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> |
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44 | </w:Compatibility> |
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45 | <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> |
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48 | <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> |
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56 | <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> |
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57 | <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> |
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58 | </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> |
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59 | </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> |
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60 | <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false" |
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61 | DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" |
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62 | LatentStyleCount="371"> |
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63 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> |
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64 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> |
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65 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> |
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66 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> |
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67 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> |
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68 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> |
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69 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" |
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70 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> |
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71 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" |
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72 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> |
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73 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" |
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74 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> |
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75 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true" |
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76 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> |
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77 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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78 | Name="index 1"/> |
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79 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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80 | Name="index 2"/> |
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81 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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82 | Name="index 3"/> |
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83 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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84 | Name="index 4"/> |
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85 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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86 | Name="index 5"/> |
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87 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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88 | Name="index 6"/> |
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89 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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90 | Name="index 7"/> |
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91 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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92 | Name="index 8"/> |
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93 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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94 | Name="index 9"/> |
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95 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
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96 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/> |
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97 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
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98 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/> |
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99 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
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100 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/> |
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101 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
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102 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/> |
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103 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
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104 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/> |
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105 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
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106 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/> |
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107 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
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108 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/> |
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109 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
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110 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/> |
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111 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
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112 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/> |
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113 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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114 | Name="Normal Indent"/> |
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115 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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116 | Name="footnote text"/> |
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117 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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118 | Name="annotation text"/> |
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119 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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120 | Name="header"/> |
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121 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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122 | Name="footer"/> |
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123 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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124 | Name="index heading"/> |
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125 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true" |
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126 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> |
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127 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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128 | Name="table of figures"/> |
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129 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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130 | Name="envelope address"/> |
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131 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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132 | Name="envelope return"/> |
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133 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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134 | Name="footnote reference"/> |
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135 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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136 | Name="annotation reference"/> |
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137 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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138 | Name="line number"/> |
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139 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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140 | Name="page number"/> |
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141 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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142 | Name="endnote reference"/> |
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143 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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144 | Name="endnote text"/> |
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145 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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146 | Name="table of authorities"/> |
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147 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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148 | Name="macro"/> |
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149 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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150 | Name="toa heading"/> |
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151 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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152 | Name="List"/> |
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153 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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154 | Name="List Bullet"/> |
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155 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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156 | Name="List Number"/> |
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157 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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158 | Name="List 2"/> |
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159 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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160 | Name="List 3"/> |
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161 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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162 | Name="List 4"/> |
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163 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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164 | Name="List 5"/> |
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165 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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166 | Name="List Bullet 2"/> |
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167 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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168 | Name="List Bullet 3"/> |
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169 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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170 | Name="List Bullet 4"/> |
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171 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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172 | Name="List Bullet 5"/> |
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173 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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174 | Name="List Number 2"/> |
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175 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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176 | Name="List Number 3"/> |
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177 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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178 | Name="List Number 4"/> |
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179 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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180 | Name="List Number 5"/> |
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181 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> |
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182 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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183 | Name="Closing"/> |
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184 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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185 | Name="Signature"/> |
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186 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true" |
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187 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> |
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188 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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189 | Name="Body Text"/> |
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190 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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191 | Name="Body Text Indent"/> |
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192 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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193 | Name="List Continue"/> |
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194 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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195 | Name="List Continue 2"/> |
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196 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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197 | Name="List Continue 3"/> |
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198 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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199 | Name="List Continue 4"/> |
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200 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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201 | Name="List Continue 5"/> |
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202 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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203 | Name="Message Header"/> |
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204 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> |
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205 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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206 | Name="Salutation"/> |
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207 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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208 | Name="Date"/> |
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209 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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210 | Name="Body Text First Indent"/> |
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211 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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212 | Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/> |
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213 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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214 | Name="Note Heading"/> |
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215 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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216 | Name="Body Text 2"/> |
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217 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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218 | Name="Body Text 3"/> |
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219 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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220 | Name="Body Text Indent 2"/> |
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221 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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222 | Name="Body Text Indent 3"/> |
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223 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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224 | Name="Block Text"/> |
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225 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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226 | Name="Hyperlink"/> |
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227 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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228 | Name="FollowedHyperlink"/> |
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229 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> |
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230 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> |
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231 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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232 | Name="Document Map"/> |
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233 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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234 | Name="Plain Text"/> |
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235 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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236 | Name="E-mail Signature"/> |
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237 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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238 | Name="HTML Top of Form"/> |
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239 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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240 | Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/> |
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241 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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242 | Name="Normal (Web)"/> |
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243 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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244 | Name="HTML Acronym"/> |
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245 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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246 | Name="HTML Address"/> |
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247 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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248 | Name="HTML Cite"/> |
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249 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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250 | Name="HTML Code"/> |
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251 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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252 | Name="HTML Definition"/> |
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253 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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254 | Name="HTML Keyboard"/> |
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255 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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256 | Name="HTML Preformatted"/> |
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257 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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258 | Name="HTML Sample"/> |
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259 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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260 | Name="HTML Typewriter"/> |
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261 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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262 | Name="HTML Variable"/> |
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263 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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264 | Name="Normal Table"/> |
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265 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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266 | Name="annotation subject"/> |
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267 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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268 | Name="No List"/> |
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269 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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270 | Name="Outline List 1"/> |
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271 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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272 | Name="Outline List 2"/> |
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273 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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274 | Name="Outline List 3"/> |
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275 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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276 | Name="Table Simple 1"/> |
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277 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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278 | Name="Table Simple 2"/> |
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279 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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280 | Name="Table Simple 3"/> |
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281 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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282 | Name="Table Classic 1"/> |
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283 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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284 | Name="Table Classic 2"/> |
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285 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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286 | Name="Table Classic 3"/> |
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287 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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288 | Name="Table Classic 4"/> |
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289 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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290 | Name="Table Colorful 1"/> |
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291 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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292 | Name="Table Colorful 2"/> |
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293 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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294 | Name="Table Colorful 3"/> |
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295 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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296 | Name="Table Columns 1"/> |
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297 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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298 | Name="Table Columns 2"/> |
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299 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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300 | Name="Table Columns 3"/> |
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301 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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302 | Name="Table Columns 4"/> |
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303 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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304 | Name="Table Columns 5"/> |
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305 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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306 | Name="Table Grid 1"/> |
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307 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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308 | Name="Table Grid 2"/> |
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309 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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310 | Name="Table Grid 3"/> |
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311 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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312 | Name="Table Grid 4"/> |
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313 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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314 | Name="Table Grid 5"/> |
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315 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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316 | Name="Table Grid 6"/> |
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317 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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318 | Name="Table Grid 7"/> |
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319 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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320 | Name="Table Grid 8"/> |
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321 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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322 | Name="Table List 1"/> |
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323 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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324 | Name="Table List 2"/> |
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325 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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326 | Name="Table List 3"/> |
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327 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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328 | Name="Table List 4"/> |
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329 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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330 | Name="Table List 5"/> |
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331 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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332 | Name="Table List 6"/> |
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333 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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334 | Name="Table List 7"/> |
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335 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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336 | Name="Table List 8"/> |
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337 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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338 | Name="Table 3D effects 1"/> |
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339 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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340 | Name="Table 3D effects 2"/> |
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341 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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342 | Name="Table 3D effects 3"/> |
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343 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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344 | Name="Table Contemporary"/> |
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345 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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346 | Name="Table Elegant"/> |
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347 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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348 | Name="Table Professional"/> |
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349 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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350 | Name="Table Subtle 1"/> |
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351 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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352 | Name="Table Subtle 2"/> |
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353 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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354 | Name="Table Web 1"/> |
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355 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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356 | Name="Table Web 2"/> |
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357 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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358 | Name="Table Web 3"/> |
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359 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
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360 | Name="Balloon Text"/> |
---|
361 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/> |
---|
362 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
363 | Name="Table Theme"/> |
---|
364 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/> |
---|
365 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> |
---|
366 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/> |
---|
367 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/> |
---|
368 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/> |
---|
369 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> |
---|
370 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> |
---|
371 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/> |
---|
372 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/> |
---|
373 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> |
---|
374 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> |
---|
375 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> |
---|
376 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/> |
---|
377 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/> |
---|
378 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/> |
---|
379 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/> |
---|
380 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> |
---|
381 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> |
---|
382 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> |
---|
383 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> |
---|
384 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> |
---|
385 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> |
---|
386 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/> |
---|
387 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true" |
---|
388 | Name="List Paragraph"/> |
---|
389 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> |
---|
390 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true" |
---|
391 | Name="Intense Quote"/> |
---|
392 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> |
---|
393 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> |
---|
394 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> |
---|
395 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> |
---|
396 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> |
---|
397 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> |
---|
398 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> |
---|
399 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> |
---|
400 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> |
---|
401 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> |
---|
402 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> |
---|
403 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> |
---|
404 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> |
---|
405 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> |
---|
406 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> |
---|
407 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> |
---|
408 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> |
---|
409 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> |
---|
410 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> |
---|
411 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> |
---|
412 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> |
---|
413 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> |
---|
414 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> |
---|
415 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> |
---|
416 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> |
---|
417 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> |
---|
418 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> |
---|
419 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> |
---|
420 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> |
---|
421 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> |
---|
422 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> |
---|
423 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> |
---|
424 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> |
---|
425 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> |
---|
426 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> |
---|
427 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> |
---|
428 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> |
---|
429 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> |
---|
430 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> |
---|
431 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> |
---|
432 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> |
---|
433 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> |
---|
434 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> |
---|
435 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> |
---|
436 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> |
---|
437 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> |
---|
438 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> |
---|
439 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> |
---|
440 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> |
---|
441 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> |
---|
442 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> |
---|
443 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> |
---|
444 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> |
---|
445 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> |
---|
446 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> |
---|
447 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> |
---|
448 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> |
---|
449 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> |
---|
450 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> |
---|
451 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> |
---|
452 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> |
---|
453 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> |
---|
454 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> |
---|
455 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> |
---|
456 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> |
---|
457 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> |
---|
458 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> |
---|
459 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> |
---|
460 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> |
---|
461 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> |
---|
462 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> |
---|
463 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> |
---|
464 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> |
---|
465 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> |
---|
466 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> |
---|
467 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> |
---|
468 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> |
---|
469 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> |
---|
470 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true" |
---|
471 | Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> |
---|
472 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true" |
---|
473 | Name="Intense Emphasis"/> |
---|
474 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true" |
---|
475 | Name="Subtle Reference"/> |
---|
476 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true" |
---|
477 | Name="Intense Reference"/> |
---|
478 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> |
---|
479 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true" |
---|
480 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/> |
---|
481 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
---|
482 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> |
---|
483 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/> |
---|
484 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/> |
---|
485 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/> |
---|
486 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/> |
---|
487 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/> |
---|
488 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/> |
---|
489 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/> |
---|
490 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/> |
---|
491 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/> |
---|
492 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/> |
---|
493 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/> |
---|
494 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/> |
---|
495 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/> |
---|
496 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
497 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> |
---|
498 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/> |
---|
499 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/> |
---|
500 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/> |
---|
501 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> |
---|
502 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
503 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> |
---|
504 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
505 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> |
---|
506 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
507 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> |
---|
508 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/> |
---|
509 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/> |
---|
510 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/> |
---|
511 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> |
---|
512 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
513 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> |
---|
514 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
515 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> |
---|
516 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
517 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> |
---|
518 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/> |
---|
519 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/> |
---|
520 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/> |
---|
521 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/> |
---|
522 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
523 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> |
---|
524 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
525 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> |
---|
526 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
527 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> |
---|
528 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/> |
---|
529 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/> |
---|
530 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/> |
---|
531 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/> |
---|
532 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
533 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> |
---|
534 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
535 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> |
---|
536 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
537 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> |
---|
538 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/> |
---|
539 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/> |
---|
540 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/> |
---|
541 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> |
---|
542 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
543 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> |
---|
544 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
545 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> |
---|
546 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
547 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> |
---|
548 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/> |
---|
549 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/> |
---|
550 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/> |
---|
551 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> |
---|
552 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
553 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> |
---|
554 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
555 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> |
---|
556 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/> |
---|
557 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/> |
---|
558 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/> |
---|
559 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/> |
---|
560 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/> |
---|
561 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/> |
---|
562 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/> |
---|
563 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
564 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> |
---|
565 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/> |
---|
566 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/> |
---|
567 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/> |
---|
568 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> |
---|
569 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
570 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> |
---|
571 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
572 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> |
---|
573 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
574 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> |
---|
575 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/> |
---|
576 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/> |
---|
577 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/> |
---|
578 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> |
---|
579 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
580 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> |
---|
581 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
582 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> |
---|
583 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
584 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> |
---|
585 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/> |
---|
586 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/> |
---|
587 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/> |
---|
588 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/> |
---|
589 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
590 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> |
---|
591 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
592 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> |
---|
593 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
594 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> |
---|
595 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/> |
---|
596 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/> |
---|
597 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/> |
---|
598 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/> |
---|
599 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
600 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> |
---|
601 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
602 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> |
---|
603 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
604 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> |
---|
605 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/> |
---|
606 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/> |
---|
607 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/> |
---|
608 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> |
---|
609 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
610 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> |
---|
611 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
612 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> |
---|
613 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
614 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> |
---|
615 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/> |
---|
616 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/> |
---|
617 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/> |
---|
618 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> |
---|
619 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
620 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> |
---|
621 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
622 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> |
---|
623 | </w:LatentStyles> |
---|
624 | </xml><![endif]--> |
---|
625 | <style> |
---|
626 | <!-- |
---|
627 | /* Font Definitions */ |
---|
628 | @font-face |
---|
629 | {font-family:"Cambria Math"; |
---|
630 | panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; |
---|
631 | mso-font-charset:0; |
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632 | mso-generic-font-family:roman; |
---|
633 | mso-font-pitch:variable; |
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634 | mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} |
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635 | @font-face |
---|
636 | {font-family:Calibri; |
---|
637 | panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; |
---|
638 | mso-font-charset:0; |
---|
639 | mso-generic-font-family:swiss; |
---|
640 | mso-font-pitch:variable; |
---|
641 | mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073732485 9 0 511 0;} |
---|
642 | @font-face |
---|
643 | {font-family:Tahoma; |
---|
644 | panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; |
---|
645 | mso-font-charset:0; |
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646 | mso-generic-font-family:swiss; |
---|
647 | mso-font-pitch:variable; |
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648 | mso-font-signature:-520081665 -1073717157 41 0 66047 0;} |
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649 | @font-face |
---|
650 | {font-family:Cambria; |
---|
651 | panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; |
---|
652 | mso-font-charset:0; |
---|
653 | mso-generic-font-family:roman; |
---|
654 | mso-font-pitch:variable; |
---|
655 | mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} |
---|
656 | /* Style Definitions */ |
---|
657 | p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal |
---|
658 | {mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
659 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
660 | mso-style-parent:""; |
---|
661 | margin:0in; |
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662 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
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663 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
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664 | font-size:12.0pt; |
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665 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
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666 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
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667 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
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668 | h1 |
---|
669 | {mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
670 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
671 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
672 | mso-style-link:"Heading 1 Char"; |
---|
673 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
674 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
675 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
676 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
677 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
678 | mso-outline-level:1; |
---|
679 | font-size:24.0pt; |
---|
680 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
681 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
682 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
683 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
684 | h2 |
---|
685 | {mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
686 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
687 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
688 | mso-style-link:"Heading 2 Char"; |
---|
689 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
690 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
691 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
692 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
693 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
694 | mso-outline-level:2; |
---|
695 | font-size:18.0pt; |
---|
696 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
697 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
698 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
699 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
700 | h3 |
---|
701 | {mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
702 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
703 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
704 | mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char"; |
---|
705 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
706 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
707 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
708 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
709 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
710 | mso-outline-level:3; |
---|
711 | font-size:13.5pt; |
---|
712 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
713 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
714 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
715 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
716 | h4 |
---|
717 | {mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
718 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
719 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
720 | mso-style-link:"Heading 4 Char"; |
---|
721 | margin-top:10.0pt; |
---|
722 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
723 | margin-bottom:0in; |
---|
724 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
725 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
726 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
727 | page-break-after:avoid; |
---|
728 | mso-outline-level:4; |
---|
729 | font-size:13.0pt; |
---|
730 | font-family:"Cambria",serif; |
---|
731 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
732 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
733 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
734 | color:#4F81BD; |
---|
735 | font-weight:bold; |
---|
736 | font-style:italic;} |
---|
737 | h5 |
---|
738 | {mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
739 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
740 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
741 | mso-style-link:"Heading 5 Char"; |
---|
742 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
743 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
744 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
745 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
746 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
747 | mso-outline-level:5; |
---|
748 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
749 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
750 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
751 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
752 | color:#4F4FFF; |
---|
753 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
754 | a:link, span.MsoHyperlink |
---|
755 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
756 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
757 | color:blue; |
---|
758 | text-decoration:underline; |
---|
759 | text-underline:single;} |
---|
760 | a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed |
---|
761 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
762 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
763 | color:purple; |
---|
764 | text-decoration:underline; |
---|
765 | text-underline:single;} |
---|
766 | p.MsoDocumentMap, li.MsoDocumentMap, div.MsoDocumentMap |
---|
767 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
768 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
769 | mso-style-link:"Document Map Char"; |
---|
770 | margin:0in; |
---|
771 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
772 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
773 | font-size:8.0pt; |
---|
774 | font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif; |
---|
775 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
776 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
777 | p |
---|
778 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
779 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
780 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
781 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
782 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
783 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
784 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
785 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
786 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
787 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
788 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
789 | pre |
---|
790 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
791 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
792 | mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char"; |
---|
793 | margin:0in; |
---|
794 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
795 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
796 | tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; |
---|
797 | font-size:10.0pt; |
---|
798 | font-family:"Courier New"; |
---|
799 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
800 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
801 | p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate |
---|
802 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
803 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
804 | mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char"; |
---|
805 | margin:0in; |
---|
806 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
807 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
808 | font-size:8.0pt; |
---|
809 | font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif; |
---|
810 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
811 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
812 | span.MsoPlaceholderText |
---|
813 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
814 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
815 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
816 | color:gray;} |
---|
817 | p.MsoNoSpacing, li.MsoNoSpacing, div.MsoNoSpacing |
---|
818 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
819 | mso-style-priority:1; |
---|
820 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
821 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
822 | margin:0in; |
---|
823 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
824 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
825 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
826 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
827 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
828 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
829 | p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph |
---|
830 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
831 | mso-style-priority:34; |
---|
832 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
833 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
834 | margin-top:0in; |
---|
835 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
836 | margin-bottom:0in; |
---|
837 | margin-left:.5in; |
---|
838 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
839 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
840 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
841 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
842 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
843 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
844 | span.MsoIntenseReference |
---|
845 | {mso-style-priority:32; |
---|
846 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
847 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
848 | font-variant:small-caps; |
---|
849 | color:#C0504D; |
---|
850 | letter-spacing:.25pt; |
---|
851 | font-weight:bold; |
---|
852 | text-decoration:underline; |
---|
853 | text-underline:single;} |
---|
854 | span.Heading1Char |
---|
855 | {mso-style-name:"Heading 1 Char"; |
---|
856 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
857 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
858 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
859 | mso-style-link:"Heading 1"; |
---|
860 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
861 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
862 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
863 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
864 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
865 | span.Heading2Char |
---|
866 | {mso-style-name:"Heading 2 Char"; |
---|
867 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
868 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
869 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
870 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
871 | mso-style-link:"Heading 2"; |
---|
872 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
873 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
874 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
875 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
876 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
877 | span.Heading3Char |
---|
878 | {mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char"; |
---|
879 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
880 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
881 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
882 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
883 | mso-style-link:"Heading 3"; |
---|
884 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
885 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
886 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
887 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
888 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
889 | span.Heading4Char |
---|
890 | {mso-style-name:"Heading 4 Char"; |
---|
891 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
892 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
893 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
894 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
895 | mso-style-link:"Heading 4"; |
---|
896 | font-family:"Cambria",serif; |
---|
897 | mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; |
---|
898 | mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; |
---|
899 | color:#4F81BD; |
---|
900 | font-weight:bold; |
---|
901 | font-style:italic;} |
---|
902 | span.Heading5Char |
---|
903 | {mso-style-name:"Heading 5 Char"; |
---|
904 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
905 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
906 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
907 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
908 | mso-style-link:"Heading 5"; |
---|
909 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
910 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
911 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
912 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
913 | color:#4F4FFF; |
---|
914 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
915 | span.HTMLPreformattedChar |
---|
916 | {mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char"; |
---|
917 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
918 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
919 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
920 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
921 | mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted"; |
---|
922 | font-family:"Courier New"; |
---|
923 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Courier New"; |
---|
924 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Courier New"; |
---|
925 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";} |
---|
926 | p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0 |
---|
927 | {mso-style-name:msonormal; |
---|
928 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
929 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
930 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
931 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
932 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
933 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
934 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
935 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
936 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
937 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
938 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
939 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
940 | span.DocumentMapChar |
---|
941 | {mso-style-name:"Document Map Char"; |
---|
942 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
943 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
944 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
945 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
946 | mso-style-link:"Document Map"; |
---|
947 | font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif; |
---|
948 | mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; |
---|
949 | mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; |
---|
950 | mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;} |
---|
951 | span.BalloonTextChar |
---|
952 | {mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char"; |
---|
953 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
954 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
955 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
956 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
957 | mso-style-link:"Balloon Text"; |
---|
958 | font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif; |
---|
959 | mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; |
---|
960 | mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; |
---|
961 | mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;} |
---|
962 | p.msolistparagraphcxspfirst, li.msolistparagraphcxspfirst, div.msolistparagraphcxspfirst |
---|
963 | {mso-style-name:msolistparagraphcxspfirst; |
---|
964 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
965 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
966 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
967 | margin-top:0in; |
---|
968 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
969 | margin-bottom:0in; |
---|
970 | margin-left:.5in; |
---|
971 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
972 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
973 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
974 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
975 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
976 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
977 | p.msolistparagraphcxspmiddle, li.msolistparagraphcxspmiddle, div.msolistparagraphcxspmiddle |
---|
978 | {mso-style-name:msolistparagraphcxspmiddle; |
---|
979 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
980 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
981 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
982 | margin-top:0in; |
---|
983 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
984 | margin-bottom:0in; |
---|
985 | margin-left:.5in; |
---|
986 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
987 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
988 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
989 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
990 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
991 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
992 | p.msolistparagraphcxsplast, li.msolistparagraphcxsplast, div.msolistparagraphcxsplast |
---|
993 | {mso-style-name:msolistparagraphcxsplast; |
---|
994 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
995 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
996 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
997 | margin-top:0in; |
---|
998 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
999 | margin-bottom:0in; |
---|
1000 | margin-left:.5in; |
---|
1001 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
1002 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
1003 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
1004 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
1005 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1006 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
1007 | span.GSAS-IItextChar |
---|
1008 | {mso-style-name:"GSAS-II text Char"; |
---|
1009 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
1010 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
1011 | mso-style-link:"GSAS-II text"; |
---|
1012 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
1013 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1014 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1015 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1016 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
1017 | p.GSAS-IItext, li.GSAS-IItext, div.GSAS-IItext |
---|
1018 | {mso-style-name:"GSAS-II text"; |
---|
1019 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
1020 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
1021 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
1022 | mso-style-link:"GSAS-II text Char"; |
---|
1023 | margin:0in; |
---|
1024 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
1025 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
1026 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
1027 | font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1028 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1029 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
1030 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1031 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
1032 | p.msochpdefault, li.msochpdefault, div.msochpdefault |
---|
1033 | {mso-style-name:msochpdefault; |
---|
1034 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
1035 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
1036 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
1037 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
1038 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
1039 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
1040 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
1041 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
1042 | font-size:10.0pt; |
---|
1043 | font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1044 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1045 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
1046 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} |
---|
1047 | span.SpellE |
---|
1048 | {mso-style-name:""; |
---|
1049 | mso-spl-e:yes;} |
---|
1050 | span.GramE |
---|
1051 | {mso-style-name:""; |
---|
1052 | mso-gram-e:yes;} |
---|
1053 | .MsoChpDefault |
---|
1054 | {mso-style-type:export-only; |
---|
1055 | mso-default-props:yes; |
---|
1056 | font-size:10.0pt; |
---|
1057 | mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; |
---|
1058 | mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; |
---|
1059 | font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1060 | mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; |
---|
1061 | mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; |
---|
1062 | mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;} |
---|
1063 | @page WordSection1 |
---|
1064 | {size:8.5in 11.0in; |
---|
1065 | margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; |
---|
1066 | mso-header-margin:.5in; |
---|
1067 | mso-footer-margin:.5in; |
---|
1068 | mso-paper-source:0;} |
---|
1069 | div.WordSection1 |
---|
1070 | {page:WordSection1;} |
---|
1071 | --> |
---|
1072 | </style> |
---|
1073 | <!--[if gte mso 10]> |
---|
1074 | <style> |
---|
1075 | /* Style Definitions */ |
---|
1076 | table.MsoNormalTable |
---|
1077 | {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; |
---|
1078 | mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; |
---|
1079 | mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; |
---|
1080 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
1081 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
1082 | mso-style-parent:""; |
---|
1083 | mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; |
---|
1084 | mso-para-margin:0in; |
---|
1085 | mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
1086 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
1087 | font-size:10.0pt; |
---|
1088 | font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;} |
---|
1089 | </style> |
---|
1090 | <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> |
---|
1091 | <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026"/> |
---|
1092 | </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> |
---|
1093 | <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> |
---|
1094 | <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> |
---|
1095 | </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> |
---|
1096 | </head> |
---|
1097 | |
---|
1098 | <body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:.5in'> |
---|
1099 | |
---|
1100 | <div class=WordSection1> |
---|
1101 | |
---|
1102 | <h1><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Stacking Fault |
---|
1103 | Simulations II<o:p></o:p></span></h1> |
---|
1104 | |
---|
1105 | <P><BL> |
---|
1106 | <LI>Exercise files are found <A href="./data/" target="_blank">here</a> |
---|
1107 | </BL></P><P></P> |
---|
1108 | |
---|
1109 | <p class=MsoNormal><B>Introduction:</B> In this exercise and the next you will simulate some |
---|
1110 | diffraction patterns from kaolinite clays. Kaolinite, <span class=GramE>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(</span>OH)<sub>4</sub>, |
---|
1111 | is a 1:1 layer silicate with a single unique sheet with AlO<sub>6</sub> <span |
---|
1112 | class=SpellE>octahedra</span> on one side and SiO<sub>4</sub> <span |
---|
1113 | class=SpellE>tetrahedra</span> on the other. The layers stack with an offset to |
---|
1114 | ideally form a triclinic C1 lattice (<span class=SpellE>Bish</span> & Von <span |
---|
1115 | class=SpellE>Dreele</span>, 1989, Clay & Clay Min. 37, 289-296) for a |
---|
1116 | sample of the most ordered form of kaolinite from Keokuk, Iowa. Kaolinites from |
---|
1117 | other locations evidently have stacking faults so that the peaks are displaced, |
---|
1118 | have peculiar shapes and are above a varying background. For the exercise we |
---|
1119 | provide a laboratory Bragg-Brentano pattern of Keokuk kaolinite collected with <span |
---|
1120 | class=SpellE>CuKa</span> radiation on a Bruker instrument and thus in the |
---|
1121 | Bruker RAW file format. The Keokuk kaolinite has some <span class=SpellE>dickite</span> |
---|
1122 | (different ordered stacking of kaolinite layers). The next exercise Stacking |
---|
1123 | Faults-III) covers a simple simulation of a faulted kaolinite from Georgia.</p> |
---|
1124 | |
---|
1125 | <P></P><p class=MsoNormal>If you have not done so already, start GSAS-II.</p> |
---|
1126 | |
---|
1127 | <h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Part 1. Creating |
---|
1128 | kaolinite layer<o:p></o:p></span></h2> |
---|
1129 | |
---|
1130 | <p class=MsoNormal>In this initial step we will load from a <span class=SpellE>cif</span> |
---|
1131 | file the structure of kaolinite, draw it to see the layer structure and then |
---|
1132 | transform it into forms suitable for stacking simulations. To begin do <b><span |
---|
1133 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Import/Phase/from CIF file</span></b>; |
---|
1134 | from the file dialog select <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1135 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1136 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>StackingFaults</span></b></span><b |
---|
1137 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1138 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>-II/data/</span></b><span |
---|
1139 | class=SpellE><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>kaolinite.cif</span></b></span>. |
---|
1140 | After the are you sure popup, there will be another warning you that 4 atom |
---|
1141 | types (O-H) were not recognized chemical element symbols and they were |
---|
1142 | substituted by <span class=SpellE>Xe</span> to make them obvious in the atom |
---|
1143 | list. Press <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b>; |
---|
1144 | you are offered a chance to change the phase name, I used <b><span |
---|
1145 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>kaolinite</span></b>. The General tab |
---|
1146 | is displayed (notice the presence of <span class=SpellE>Xe</span> in the |
---|
1147 | element table).</p> |
---|
1148 | |
---|
1149 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype |
---|
1150 | id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" |
---|
1151 | path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> |
---|
1152 | <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> |
---|
1153 | <v:formulas> |
---|
1154 | <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> |
---|
1155 | <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> |
---|
1156 | <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> |
---|
1157 | <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> |
---|
1158 | <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> |
---|
1159 | <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> |
---|
1160 | <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> |
---|
1161 | <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> |
---|
1162 | <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> |
---|
1163 | <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> |
---|
1164 | <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> |
---|
1165 | <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> |
---|
1166 | </v:formulas> |
---|
1167 | <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> |
---|
1168 | <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> |
---|
1169 | </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1042" type="#_x0000_t75" |
---|
1170 | style='width:468pt;height:225pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1171 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image007.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1172 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=300 |
---|
1173 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image008.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_9"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1174 | |
---|
1175 | <p class=MsoNormal>To fix the <span class=SpellE>Xe</span> atoms (they should |
---|
1176 | be O), select <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Atoms</span></b> |
---|
1177 | and then double click the <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Type</span></b> |
---|
1178 | column heading; a small popup will appear. Select <span class=SpellE><b><span |
---|
1179 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Xe</span></b></span> & press <b><span |
---|
1180 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b>; the <span class=SpellE>Xe</span> |
---|
1181 | atoms at the bottom of the atom table will be highlighted. Next select <b><span |
---|
1182 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Edit Atoms/On selected atoms
/Modify |
---|
1183 | parameters</span></b> from the Phase Data menu; a new popup will appear. Select |
---|
1184 | <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Type</span></b> & press <b><span |
---|
1185 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b>; a periodic table of the |
---|
1186 | element will appear. Select <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>O</span></b> |
---|
1187 | from the O-atom pulldown; the structure will be drawn with Al, Si & O atoms |
---|
1188 | only.</p> |
---|
1189 | |
---|
1190 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1191 | id="Picture_x0020_15" o:spid="_x0000_i1041" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1192 | height:403.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1193 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image009.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1194 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=538 |
---|
1195 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image010.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_15"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1196 | |
---|
1197 | <p class=MsoNormal>To better visualize the stacking layer, select the <b><span |
---|
1198 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Draw Atoms</span></b> tab and then |
---|
1199 | double click the empty upper left corner box of the table. All atoms will turn |
---|
1200 | green. Then do <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Edit |
---|
1201 | Figure/Fill unit cell</span></b>; the structure will be redrawn with all atoms |
---|
1202 | that belong in the unit cell. Finally, double click on the <b><span |
---|
1203 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Type</span></b> column heading, select |
---|
1204 | <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Al</span></b> & <b><span |
---|
1205 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Si</span></b> (they will turn green) |
---|
1206 | and then do <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Edit Figure/Fill |
---|
1207 | CN sphere</span></b>. After a bit of rotating the structure around, the |
---|
1208 | layering along the c-axis (blue line) will be evident.</p> |
---|
1209 | |
---|
1210 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1211 | id="Picture_x0020_16" o:spid="_x0000_i1040" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1212 | height:403.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1213 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image011.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1214 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=538 |
---|
1215 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image012.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_16"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1216 | |
---|
1217 | <p class=MsoNormal>One can easily see the layer of SiO<sub>4</sub> <span |
---|
1218 | class=SpellE>tetrahedra</span> and AlO<sub>6</sub> <span class=SpellE>octahedra</span>. |
---|
1219 | Also notice that the next layer (represented by the 4 O atoms at the bottom of |
---|
1220 | the above drawing are offset giving a triclinic lattice.</p> |
---|
1221 | |
---|
1222 | <p class=MsoNormal>The stacking fault simulation calculation via <span |
---|
1223 | class=SpellE>DIFFaX</span> routines requires that the stacking layers be |
---|
1224 | defined in a coordinate system that has the stacking direction perpendicular to |
---|
1225 | the stacking plane defined as the c-axis. This requires transformation of the |
---|
1226 | unit cell and atom coordinates; a suitable tool exists in GSAS-II to do this. |
---|
1227 | Select the <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>General</span></b> |
---|
1228 | tab and do <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Compute/Transform</span></b>; |
---|
1229 | a popup window will appear.</p> |
---|
1230 | |
---|
1231 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1232 | id="Picture_x0020_23" o:spid="_x0000_i1039" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:262.5pt; |
---|
1233 | height:301.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1234 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image013.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1235 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=350 height=402 |
---|
1236 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image014.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_23"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1237 | |
---|
1238 | <p class=MsoNormal>Note that this allows one to transform the structure |
---|
1239 | according to a matrix and then shift the <span class=GramE>resultant</span> |
---|
1240 | positions along some vector and then select those that are unique according to |
---|
1241 | a selected space group. The pulldown gives a selection of commonly used |
---|
1242 | transformations; we want the last one, <span class=SpellE><b><span |
---|
1243 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>abc</span></b></span><b><span |
---|
1244 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>*</span></b>, which satisfies the |
---|
1245 | stacking fault requirement. Select it; notice that the space group is changed |
---|
1246 | to P1. Leave this as the kaolinite layer has no symmetry; in other |
---|
1247 | circumstances the layer may have an inversion center in which case P-1 should |
---|
1248 | be used. If you press <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Test</span></b>, |
---|
1249 | the new lattice parameters will be shown.</p> |
---|
1250 | |
---|
1251 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1252 | id="Picture_x0020_24" o:spid="_x0000_i1038" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:262.5pt; |
---|
1253 | height:301.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1254 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image003.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1255 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=350 height=402 |
---|
1256 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image015.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_24"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1257 | |
---|
1258 | <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>The a</span> & b axes stay the same, but |
---|
1259 | c is now smaller (the interlayer distance in kaolinite) and <span |
---|
1260 | style='font-family:Symbol'>a</span> & <span style='font-family:Symbol'>b</span> |
---|
1261 | = 90 (<span style='font-family:Symbol'>g</span> is unchanged). Press <b><span |
---|
1262 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b>; a new phase (kaolinite <span |
---|
1263 | class=SpellE>abc</span>*) will be made and its General tab will be shown |
---|
1264 | immediately. Select the <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Draw |
---|
1265 | Atoms</span></b> tab to see the resulting structure.</p> |
---|
1266 | |
---|
1267 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1268 | id="Picture_x0020_25" o:spid="_x0000_i1037" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1269 | height:403.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1270 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image016.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1271 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=538 |
---|
1272 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image017.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_25"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1273 | |
---|
1274 | <p class=MsoNormal>To see what this layer looks like with more of it drawn, you |
---|
1275 | can add more unit cells to the drawing; select all the atoms by double clicking |
---|
1276 | the upper left empty box of the Draw atoms table. Do <b><span style='font-family: |
---|
1277 | "Calibri",sans-serif'>Edit Figure/Add atoms</span></b> and <b><span |
---|
1278 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>increment</span></b> the 1<sup>st</sup> |
---|
1279 | <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Choose unit cel</span></b>l |
---|
1280 | and press <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b>; this |
---|
1281 | will add one unit cell along x. Now select all the atoms again, do <b><span |
---|
1282 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Edit Figure/Add atoms</span></b> and |
---|
1283 | now <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>decrement</span></b> the |
---|
1284 | 1<sup>st</sup> <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Choose unit |
---|
1285 | cell</span></b>. Press <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b>; |
---|
1286 | the drawing will now be 3 unit cells wide along x. Repeat this once more <b><span |
---|
1287 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>decrementing</span></b> the 2<sup>nd</sup> |
---|
1288 | <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Choose unit cell</span></b> |
---|
1289 | to give a 3x2 unit cell block of atoms. Double click the <b><span |
---|
1290 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Style</span></b> column heading and |
---|
1291 | select <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Balls and sticks</span></b>; |
---|
1292 | the drawing should look like (after some zooming/shifting/rotation).</p> |
---|
1293 | |
---|
1294 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1295 | id="Picture_x0020_26" o:spid="_x0000_i1036" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1296 | height:404.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1297 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image018.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1298 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=539 |
---|
1299 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image019.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_26"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1300 | |
---|
1301 | <p class=MsoNormal>This structure is now suitable for use in <span |
---|
1302 | class=SpellE>DIFFaX</span> calculations; the cell has a c-axis that is perpendicular |
---|
1303 | to the ab plane with a length that is the stacking repeat distance. This is a |
---|
1304 | good place to save your project (I called it <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>kaolinite</span></b>).</p> |
---|
1305 | |
---|
1306 | <h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Part 2. Set up |
---|
1307 | simulation of ideal kaolinite stacking<o:p></o:p></span></h2> |
---|
1308 | |
---|
1309 | <p class=MsoNormal>In this part of the tutorial well create a stacking model |
---|
1310 | for Keokuk kaolinite and use <span class=SpellE>DIFFaX</span> to simulate the |
---|
1311 | powder pattern and compare it to some real data. To begin we need a new phase |
---|
1312 | that we can declare as faulted. In the main GSAS-II data tree menu do <b><span |
---|
1313 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Data/Add new phase</span></b>; I named |
---|
1314 | it <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Keokuk</span></b>. The |
---|
1315 | General tab for it will immediately appear.</p> |
---|
1316 | |
---|
1317 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1318 | id="Picture_x0020_27" o:spid="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1319 | height:225pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1320 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image020.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1321 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=300 |
---|
1322 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image021.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_27"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1323 | |
---|
1324 | <p class=MsoNormal>Change the <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Phase |
---|
1325 | type</span></b> to <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>faulted</span></b>; |
---|
1326 | the General tab will be redrawn and a new tab <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Layers</span></b> |
---|
1327 | will appear. Select it.</p> |
---|
1328 | |
---|
1329 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1330 | id="Picture_x0020_28" o:spid="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1331 | height:196.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1332 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image022.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1333 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=262 |
---|
1334 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image023.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_28"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1335 | |
---|
1336 | <p class=MsoNormal>We can anticipate (given that kaolinite space group is C1) |
---|
1337 | that the <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Diffraction Laue |
---|
1338 | symmetry</span></b> is <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>-1</span></b>. |
---|
1339 | We can enter by hand the lattice parameters from the kaolinite <span |
---|
1340 | class=SpellE>abc</span>* phase but an easier method is available. Do <b><span |
---|
1341 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Operations/Copy phase cell</span></b>; |
---|
1342 | a file selection dialog will appear for your current directory and the file <span |
---|
1343 | class=SpellE><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>kaolinite.gpx</span></b></span> |
---|
1344 | should be there. Select it; a small popup will appear listing the available |
---|
1345 | phases. Choose <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>kaolinite <span |
---|
1346 | class=SpellE>abc</span>*</span></b> and press <b><span style='font-family: |
---|
1347 | "Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b>; the Layers window will be redrawn with the |
---|
1348 | new lattice parameters.</p> |
---|
1349 | |
---|
1350 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1351 | id="Picture_x0020_29" o:spid="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1352 | height:196.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1353 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image024.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1354 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=262 |
---|
1355 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image025.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_29"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1356 | |
---|
1357 | <p class=MsoNormal>Next, you need to define the layer. As it would be very |
---|
1358 | tedious to enter 24 atoms by hand, the alternative is to get them from the |
---|
1359 | previously created kaolinite <span class=SpellE>abc</span>* phase. Select the <b><span |
---|
1360 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Import new layer</span></b> box; the |
---|
1361 | file dialog with <span class=SpellE><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>kaolinite.gpx</span></b></span> |
---|
1362 | will appear. Select the file and press <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Open</span></b>; |
---|
1363 | again a small popup with two phases listed will appear. Again select <b><span |
---|
1364 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>kaolinite <span class=SpellE>abc</span>*</span></b> |
---|
1365 | and press <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b>; the |
---|
1366 | Layers page will be redrawn with a layer (named kaolinite) will be filled out.</p> |
---|
1367 | |
---|
1368 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1369 | id="Picture_x0020_30" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1370 | height:238.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1371 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image026.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1372 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=318 |
---|
1373 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image027.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_30"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1374 | |
---|
1375 | <p class=MsoNormal>If you move down to the bottom of the page to find the one |
---|
1376 | line <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Layer-Layer Transition |
---|
1377 | probabilities</span></b>. Change <span class=SpellE><b><span style='font-family: |
---|
1378 | "Calibri",sans-serif'>Dz</span></b></span><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>=1.0</span></b> |
---|
1379 | and press the plot box; the drawing will show a layer of kaolinite stacked directly |
---|
1380 | above another one.</p> |
---|
1381 | |
---|
1382 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1383 | id="Picture_x0020_31" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1384 | height:403.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1385 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image028.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1386 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=538 |
---|
1387 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image029.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_31"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1388 | |
---|
1389 | <p class=MsoNormal>Compare that to the stacking in kaolinite.</p> |
---|
1390 | |
---|
1391 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1392 | id="Picture_x0020_32" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1393 | height:401.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1394 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image030.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1395 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=535 |
---|
1396 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image031.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_32"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1397 | |
---|
1398 | <p class=MsoNormal>Notice the effect of the offset. The 1<sup>st</sup> row of |
---|
1399 | SiO<sub>4</sub> <span class=SpellE>tetrahedra</span> are positioned directly |
---|
1400 | above the AlO<sub>6</sub> <span class=SpellE>octahedra</span> in the real |
---|
1401 | structure but not in the vertically stacked structure. We can use a bit of |
---|
1402 | simple geometry to work out what the offset is but first let us see what |
---|
1403 | happens in the simulation and how it compares to real data.</p> |
---|
1404 | |
---|
1405 | <h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Step 3. Import |
---|
1406 | Keokuk kaolinite data and do 1<sup>st</sup> simulation<o:p></o:p></span></h2> |
---|
1407 | |
---|
1408 | <p class=MsoNormal>First we need to import the Keokuk kaolinite powder data; do |
---|
1409 | <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Import/Powder Data/from |
---|
1410 | Bruker RAW file</span></b>. Select <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Keokuk |
---|
1411 | <span class=SpellE>kaolinite.RAW</span></span></b> from the file dialog box; |
---|
1412 | press <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Yes</span></b> in the |
---|
1413 | next popup. A new file dialog appears requesting an instrument parameter file; |
---|
1414 | we will use an internal default instead. Press <b><span style='font-family: |
---|
1415 | "Calibri",sans-serif'>Cancel</span></b> and select <b><span style='font-family: |
---|
1416 | "Calibri",sans-serif'>Defaults for <span class=SpellE>CuKa</span> lab data</span></b> |
---|
1417 | from the next popup. This process will repeat since the RAW file contains two |
---|
1418 | scans. In the next popup, select only <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>kaolinite |
---|
1419 | <span class=SpellE>abc</span>*</span></b>. There will be two PWDR scans in the |
---|
1420 | GSAS-II data tree; one covers 2<span style='font-family:Symbol'>Q</span>= 10-90<span |
---|
1421 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>°</span> and the other covers 2<span |
---|
1422 | style='font-family:Symbol'>Q</span>=80-150°. Only the lower part of the first one |
---|
1423 | is going to be used in our simulation work as the calculations become very time |
---|
1424 | consuming for complex structures and high angle data. Select <b><span |
---|
1425 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>PWDR Keokuk <span class=SpellE>kaolinite.RAW</span> |
---|
1426 | Scan 1</span></b> from the GSAS-II data tree make sure it expands; its plot |
---|
1427 | will also show.</p> |
---|
1428 | |
---|
1429 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1430 | id="Picture_x0020_33" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1431 | height:401.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1432 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image032.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1433 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=535 |
---|
1434 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image033.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_33"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1435 | |
---|
1436 | <p class=MsoNormal>Go to <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Limits</span></b> |
---|
1437 | and set <span class=SpellE><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Tmax</span></b></span> |
---|
1438 | to <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>52.0</span></b>; that puts |
---|
1439 | the upper limit in a relatively clear part of the pattern. Then go to |
---|
1440 | Background and set the 1<sup>st</sup> coefficient to 20 (approximately the |
---|
1441 | background at 2<span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1442 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: |
---|
1443 | Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>Q</span></span>=18). |
---|
1444 | Next go to <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Sample parameters</span></b> |
---|
1445 | and set the <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Histogram scale</span></b> |
---|
1446 | to something reasonable (I chose <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>20.0</span></b>) |
---|
1447 | and make sure the <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Diffractometer |
---|
1448 | type is Bragg-Brentano</span></b>.</p> |
---|
1449 | |
---|
1450 | <p class=MsoNormal>Now we are ready for our 1<sup>st</sup> kaolinite |
---|
1451 | simulation. Go to <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Phases/Keokuk</span></b> |
---|
1452 | and select the <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Layers</span></b> |
---|
1453 | tab. Do <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Operations/Simulate |
---|
1454 | pattern</span></b> and press <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b> |
---|
1455 | in the popup. Select the <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Scan |
---|
1456 | 1</span></b> pattern and press <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b>; |
---|
1457 | the simulation will finish quickly (press <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Ok</span></b>) |
---|
1458 | and the new plot will be displayed (Ive zoomed in a bit).</p> |
---|
1459 | |
---|
1460 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1461 | id="Picture_x0020_34" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1462 | height:401.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1463 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image034.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1464 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=535 |
---|
1465 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image035.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_34"><![endif]></span>.</p> |
---|
1466 | |
---|
1467 | <p class=MsoNormal>As you can see the simulation (green curve) does not fit the |
---|
1468 | data (blue crosses) at all mostly due to the incorrect layer offset although |
---|
1469 | the 1<sup>st</sup> peak seems to be positioned correctly. To work out the |
---|
1470 | offset consider the drawing of kaolinite.</p> |
---|
1471 | |
---|
1472 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1473 | id="Picture_x0020_35" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1474 | height:403.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1475 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image036.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1476 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=538 |
---|
1477 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image037.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_35"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1478 | |
---|
1479 | <p class=MsoNormal>The offset <span class=SpellE>Dx</span> is given by the blue |
---|
1480 | arrow in the above drawing of kaolinite and is in fractional coordinates. |
---|
1481 | Geometry gives<o:p></o:p></p> |
---|
1482 | |
---|
1483 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='position:relative;top:3pt'><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><i |
---|
1484 | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math",serif; |
---|
1485 | mso-no-proof:yes'><m:r>Dx</m:r><m:r>= </m:r></span></i><m:f><m:fPr><m:type |
---|
1486 | m:val="lin"/><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math",serif;mso-ascii-font-family: |
---|
1487 | "Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic; |
---|
1488 | mso-bidi-font-style:normal;mso-no-proof:yes'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i |
---|
1489 | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math",serif; |
---|
1490 | mso-no-proof:yes'><m:r>c</m:r><m:r> </m:r></span></i><m:func><m:funcPr><span |
---|
1491 | style='font-family:"Cambria Math",serif;mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math"; |
---|
1492 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style: |
---|
1493 | normal;mso-no-proof:yes'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:funcPr><m:fName><span |
---|
1494 | style='font-family:"Cambria Math",serif;mso-no-proof:yes'><m:r><m:rPr><m:scr |
---|
1495 | m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>cos</m:r></span></m:fName><m:e><i |
---|
1496 | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math",serif; |
---|
1497 | mso-no-proof:yes'><m:r>β</m:r></span></i></m:e></m:func></m:num><m:den><i |
---|
1498 | style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math",serif; |
---|
1499 | mso-no-proof:yes'><m:r>a</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><![if !msEquation]><span |
---|
1500 | style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family: |
---|
1501 | "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;position:relative; |
---|
1502 | top:3.0pt;mso-text-raise:-3.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: |
---|
1503 | EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" |
---|
1504 | type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:84pt;height:14.25pt'> |
---|
1505 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image038.png" o:title="" |
---|
1506 | chromakey="white"/> |
---|
1507 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=112 height=19 |
---|
1508 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image039.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></span><![endif]> Or |
---|
1509 | in this case <b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>-0.368</span></b>. |
---|
1510 | Set <span class=SpellE><b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Dx</span></b></span> |
---|
1511 | to this value & repeat simulation.</p> |
---|
1512 | |
---|
1513 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1514 | id="Picture_x0020_36" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1515 | height:401.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1516 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image040.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1517 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=535 |
---|
1518 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image041.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_36"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1519 | |
---|
1520 | <p class=MsoNormal>There is some improvement but some parts are not very well |
---|
1521 | represented. Recall from the triclinic kaolinite lattice parameters that <span |
---|
1522 | style='font-family:Symbol'>a</span> was 91.7°; that will produce a small offset |
---|
1523 | in Dy. Using the same kind of geometry math gives <span class=SpellE><b><span |
---|
1524 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Dy</span></b></span><b><span |
---|
1525 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>=-0.0246</span></b>. Enter this value |
---|
1526 | & repeat the simulation again. This gives a much better fit to the observed |
---|
1527 | pattern, but the simulated peaks are too sharp; this can be fixed by changing |
---|
1528 | the U<span class=GramE>,V,W</span> Instrument parameters. Id just set <b><span |
---|
1529 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>W=40</span></b> and the <b><span |
---|
1530 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Histogram scale</span></b> (in <b><span |
---|
1531 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>Sample parameters</span></b>) to <b><span |
---|
1532 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>40</span></b> and try again.</p> |
---|
1533 | |
---|
1534 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1535 | id="Picture_x0020_37" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt; |
---|
1536 | height:401.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1537 | <v:imagedata src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image042.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1538 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=624 height=535 |
---|
1539 | src="Stacking%20Faults%20II_files/image043.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_37"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1540 | |
---|
1541 | <p class=MsoNormal>That is a pretty good fit for a stacking simulation. By |
---|
1542 | further hand tweaking of the parameters one can further improve the simulation |
---|
1543 | but based on what we see here we do have the right description of stacking in |
---|
1544 | Keokuk kaolinite. Doing sequence simulations varying each parameter over a |
---|
1545 | small range can be used to help with optimization, but in this case it would be |
---|
1546 | far easier to do a Rietveld refinement for this well ordered kaolinite. Save |
---|
1547 | your project as you will need it for the next exercise (Stacking Faults-III).<o:p></o:p></p> |
---|
1548 | |
---|
1549 | </span></div> |
---|
1550 | |
---|
1551 | </body> |
---|
1552 | |
---|
1553 | </html> |
---|