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363 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
364 | Name="Table List 6"/> |
---|
365 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
366 | Name="Table List 7"/> |
---|
367 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
368 | Name="Table List 8"/> |
---|
369 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
370 | Name="Table 3D effects 1"/> |
---|
371 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
372 | Name="Table 3D effects 2"/> |
---|
373 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
374 | Name="Table 3D effects 3"/> |
---|
375 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
376 | Name="Table Contemporary"/> |
---|
377 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
378 | Name="Table Elegant"/> |
---|
379 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
380 | Name="Table Professional"/> |
---|
381 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
382 | Name="Table Subtle 1"/> |
---|
383 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
384 | Name="Table Subtle 2"/> |
---|
385 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
386 | Name="Table Web 1"/> |
---|
387 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
388 | Name="Table Web 2"/> |
---|
389 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
390 | Name="Table Web 3"/> |
---|
391 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
392 | Name="Balloon Text"/> |
---|
393 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" Name="Table Grid"/> |
---|
394 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true" |
---|
395 | Name="Table Theme"/> |
---|
396 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/> |
---|
397 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> |
---|
398 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/> |
---|
399 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/> |
---|
400 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/> |
---|
401 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> |
---|
402 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> |
---|
403 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/> |
---|
404 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/> |
---|
405 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> |
---|
406 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> |
---|
407 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> |
---|
408 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/> |
---|
409 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/> |
---|
410 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/> |
---|
411 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/> |
---|
412 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> |
---|
413 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> |
---|
414 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> |
---|
415 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> |
---|
416 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> |
---|
417 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> |
---|
418 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/> |
---|
419 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true" |
---|
420 | Name="List Paragraph"/> |
---|
421 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> |
---|
422 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true" |
---|
423 | Name="Intense Quote"/> |
---|
424 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> |
---|
425 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> |
---|
426 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> |
---|
427 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> |
---|
428 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> |
---|
429 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> |
---|
430 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> |
---|
431 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> |
---|
432 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> |
---|
433 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> |
---|
434 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> |
---|
435 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> |
---|
436 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> |
---|
437 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> |
---|
438 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> |
---|
439 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> |
---|
440 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> |
---|
441 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> |
---|
442 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> |
---|
443 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> |
---|
444 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> |
---|
445 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> |
---|
446 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> |
---|
447 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> |
---|
448 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> |
---|
449 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> |
---|
450 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> |
---|
451 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> |
---|
452 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> |
---|
453 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> |
---|
454 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> |
---|
455 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> |
---|
456 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> |
---|
457 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> |
---|
458 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> |
---|
459 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> |
---|
460 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> |
---|
461 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> |
---|
462 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> |
---|
463 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> |
---|
464 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> |
---|
465 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> |
---|
466 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> |
---|
467 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> |
---|
468 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> |
---|
469 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> |
---|
470 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> |
---|
471 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> |
---|
472 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> |
---|
473 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> |
---|
474 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> |
---|
475 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> |
---|
476 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> |
---|
477 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> |
---|
478 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> |
---|
479 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> |
---|
480 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> |
---|
481 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> |
---|
482 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> |
---|
483 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> |
---|
484 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> |
---|
485 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> |
---|
486 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> |
---|
487 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> |
---|
488 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> |
---|
489 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> |
---|
490 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> |
---|
491 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> |
---|
492 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> |
---|
493 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> |
---|
494 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> |
---|
495 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> |
---|
496 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> |
---|
497 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> |
---|
498 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> |
---|
499 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> |
---|
500 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> |
---|
501 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> |
---|
502 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true" |
---|
503 | Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> |
---|
504 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true" |
---|
505 | Name="Intense Emphasis"/> |
---|
506 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true" |
---|
507 | Name="Subtle Reference"/> |
---|
508 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true" |
---|
509 | Name="Intense Reference"/> |
---|
510 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> |
---|
511 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true" |
---|
512 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/> |
---|
513 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true" |
---|
514 | UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> |
---|
515 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/> |
---|
516 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/> |
---|
517 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/> |
---|
518 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/> |
---|
519 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/> |
---|
520 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/> |
---|
521 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/> |
---|
522 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/> |
---|
523 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/> |
---|
524 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/> |
---|
525 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/> |
---|
526 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/> |
---|
527 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/> |
---|
528 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
529 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> |
---|
530 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/> |
---|
531 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/> |
---|
532 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/> |
---|
533 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> |
---|
534 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
535 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> |
---|
536 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
537 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> |
---|
538 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
539 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> |
---|
540 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/> |
---|
541 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/> |
---|
542 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/> |
---|
543 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> |
---|
544 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
545 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> |
---|
546 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
547 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> |
---|
548 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
549 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> |
---|
550 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/> |
---|
551 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/> |
---|
552 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/> |
---|
553 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/> |
---|
554 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
555 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> |
---|
556 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
557 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> |
---|
558 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
559 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> |
---|
560 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/> |
---|
561 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/> |
---|
562 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/> |
---|
563 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/> |
---|
564 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
565 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> |
---|
566 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
567 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> |
---|
568 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
569 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> |
---|
570 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/> |
---|
571 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/> |
---|
572 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/> |
---|
573 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> |
---|
574 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
575 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> |
---|
576 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
577 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> |
---|
578 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
579 | Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> |
---|
580 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/> |
---|
581 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/> |
---|
582 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/> |
---|
583 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> |
---|
584 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
585 | Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> |
---|
586 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
587 | Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> |
---|
588 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/> |
---|
589 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/> |
---|
590 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/> |
---|
591 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/> |
---|
592 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/> |
---|
593 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/> |
---|
594 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/> |
---|
595 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
596 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> |
---|
597 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/> |
---|
598 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/> |
---|
599 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/> |
---|
600 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/> |
---|
601 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
602 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> |
---|
603 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
604 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> |
---|
605 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
606 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> |
---|
607 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/> |
---|
608 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/> |
---|
609 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/> |
---|
610 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/> |
---|
611 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
612 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> |
---|
613 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
614 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> |
---|
615 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
616 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> |
---|
617 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/> |
---|
618 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/> |
---|
619 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/> |
---|
620 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/> |
---|
621 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
622 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> |
---|
623 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
624 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> |
---|
625 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
626 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> |
---|
627 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/> |
---|
628 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/> |
---|
629 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/> |
---|
630 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/> |
---|
631 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
632 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> |
---|
633 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
634 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> |
---|
635 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
636 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> |
---|
637 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/> |
---|
638 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/> |
---|
639 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/> |
---|
640 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/> |
---|
641 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
642 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> |
---|
643 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
644 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> |
---|
645 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" |
---|
646 | Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> |
---|
647 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/> |
---|
648 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/> |
---|
649 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/> |
---|
650 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/> |
---|
651 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" |
---|
652 | Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> |
---|
653 | <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" |
---|
654 | Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> |
---|
655 | </w:LatentStyles> |
---|
656 | </xml><![endif]--> |
---|
657 | <style> |
---|
658 | <!-- |
---|
659 | /* Font Definitions */ |
---|
660 | @font-face |
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661 | {font-family:"Cambria Math"; |
---|
662 | panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; |
---|
663 | mso-font-charset:0; |
---|
664 | mso-generic-font-family:roman; |
---|
665 | mso-font-pitch:variable; |
---|
666 | mso-font-signature:-536869121 1107305727 33554432 0 415 0;} |
---|
667 | @font-face |
---|
668 | {font-family:Calibri; |
---|
669 | panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; |
---|
670 | mso-font-charset:0; |
---|
671 | mso-generic-font-family:swiss; |
---|
672 | mso-font-pitch:variable; |
---|
673 | mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073732485 9 0 511 0;} |
---|
674 | @font-face |
---|
675 | {font-family:Cambria; |
---|
676 | panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; |
---|
677 | mso-font-charset:0; |
---|
678 | mso-generic-font-family:roman; |
---|
679 | mso-font-pitch:variable; |
---|
680 | mso-font-signature:-536869121 1107305727 33554432 0 415 0;} |
---|
681 | @font-face |
---|
682 | {font-family:Tahoma; |
---|
683 | panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; |
---|
684 | mso-font-charset:0; |
---|
685 | mso-generic-font-family:swiss; |
---|
686 | mso-font-pitch:variable; |
---|
687 | mso-font-signature:-520081665 -1073717157 41 0 66047 0;} |
---|
688 | /* Style Definitions */ |
---|
689 | p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal |
---|
690 | {mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
691 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
692 | mso-style-parent:""; |
---|
693 | margin:0in; |
---|
694 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
695 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
696 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
697 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
698 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
699 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
700 | h1 |
---|
701 | {mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
702 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
703 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
704 | mso-style-link:"Heading 1 Char"; |
---|
705 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
706 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
707 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
708 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
709 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
710 | mso-outline-level:1; |
---|
711 | font-size:24.0pt; |
---|
712 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
713 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
714 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
715 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
716 | h2 |
---|
717 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
718 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
719 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
720 | mso-style-link:"Heading 2 Char"; |
---|
721 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
722 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
723 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
724 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
725 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
726 | mso-outline-level:2; |
---|
727 | font-size:18.0pt; |
---|
728 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
729 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
730 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
731 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
732 | h3 |
---|
733 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
734 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
735 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
736 | mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char"; |
---|
737 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
738 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
739 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
740 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
741 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
742 | mso-outline-level:3; |
---|
743 | font-size:13.5pt; |
---|
744 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
745 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
746 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
747 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
748 | h4 |
---|
749 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
750 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
751 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
752 | mso-style-link:"Heading 4 Char"; |
---|
753 | mso-style-next:Normal; |
---|
754 | margin-top:10.0pt; |
---|
755 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
756 | margin-bottom:0in; |
---|
757 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
758 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
759 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan lines-together; |
---|
760 | page-break-after:avoid; |
---|
761 | mso-outline-level:4; |
---|
762 | font-size:13.0pt; |
---|
763 | font-family:"Cambria",serif; |
---|
764 | mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; |
---|
765 | mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; |
---|
766 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
767 | mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; |
---|
768 | mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; |
---|
769 | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; |
---|
770 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
771 | mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; |
---|
772 | color:#4F81BD; |
---|
773 | mso-themecolor:accent1; |
---|
774 | font-weight:bold; |
---|
775 | font-style:italic;} |
---|
776 | h5 |
---|
777 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
778 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
779 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
780 | mso-style-link:"Heading 5 Char"; |
---|
781 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
782 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
783 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
784 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
785 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
786 | mso-outline-level:5; |
---|
787 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
788 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
789 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
790 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
791 | color:#4F4FFF; |
---|
792 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
793 | a:link, span.MsoHyperlink |
---|
794 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
795 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
796 | color:blue; |
---|
797 | text-decoration:underline; |
---|
798 | text-underline:single;} |
---|
799 | a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed |
---|
800 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
801 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
802 | color:purple; |
---|
803 | text-decoration:underline; |
---|
804 | text-underline:single;} |
---|
805 | p.MsoDocumentMap, li.MsoDocumentMap, div.MsoDocumentMap |
---|
806 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
807 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
808 | mso-style-link:"Document Map Char"; |
---|
809 | margin:0in; |
---|
810 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
811 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
812 | font-size:8.0pt; |
---|
813 | font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif; |
---|
814 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
815 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
816 | p |
---|
817 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
818 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
819 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
820 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
821 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
822 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
823 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
824 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
825 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
826 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
827 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
828 | pre |
---|
829 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
830 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
831 | mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted Char"; |
---|
832 | margin:0in; |
---|
833 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
834 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
835 | tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; |
---|
836 | font-size:10.0pt; |
---|
837 | font-family:"Courier New"; |
---|
838 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} |
---|
839 | p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate |
---|
840 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
841 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
842 | mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char"; |
---|
843 | margin:0in; |
---|
844 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
845 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
846 | font-size:8.0pt; |
---|
847 | font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif; |
---|
848 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
849 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
850 | span.MsoPlaceholderText |
---|
851 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
852 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
853 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
854 | color:gray;} |
---|
855 | p.MsoNoSpacing, li.MsoNoSpacing, div.MsoNoSpacing |
---|
856 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
857 | mso-style-priority:1; |
---|
858 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
859 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
860 | mso-style-parent:""; |
---|
861 | margin:0in; |
---|
862 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
863 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
864 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
865 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
866 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
867 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
868 | p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph |
---|
869 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
870 | mso-style-priority:34; |
---|
871 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
872 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
873 | margin-top:0in; |
---|
874 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
875 | margin-bottom:0in; |
---|
876 | margin-left:.5in; |
---|
877 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
878 | mso-add-space:auto; |
---|
879 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
880 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
881 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
882 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
883 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
884 | p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst |
---|
885 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
886 | mso-style-priority:34; |
---|
887 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
888 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
889 | mso-style-type:export-only; |
---|
890 | margin-top:0in; |
---|
891 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
892 | margin-bottom:0in; |
---|
893 | margin-left:.5in; |
---|
894 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
895 | mso-add-space:auto; |
---|
896 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
897 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
898 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
899 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
900 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
901 | p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle |
---|
902 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
903 | mso-style-priority:34; |
---|
904 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
905 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
906 | mso-style-type:export-only; |
---|
907 | margin-top:0in; |
---|
908 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
909 | margin-bottom:0in; |
---|
910 | margin-left:.5in; |
---|
911 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
912 | mso-add-space:auto; |
---|
913 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
914 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
915 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
916 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
917 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
918 | p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast |
---|
919 | {mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
920 | mso-style-priority:34; |
---|
921 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
922 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
923 | mso-style-type:export-only; |
---|
924 | margin-top:0in; |
---|
925 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
926 | margin-bottom:0in; |
---|
927 | margin-left:.5in; |
---|
928 | margin-bottom:.0001pt; |
---|
929 | mso-add-space:auto; |
---|
930 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
931 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
932 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
933 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
934 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
935 | span.MsoIntenseReference |
---|
936 | {mso-style-priority:32; |
---|
937 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
938 | mso-style-qformat:yes; |
---|
939 | font-variant:small-caps; |
---|
940 | color:#C0504D; |
---|
941 | mso-themecolor:accent2; |
---|
942 | letter-spacing:.25pt; |
---|
943 | font-weight:bold; |
---|
944 | text-decoration:underline; |
---|
945 | text-underline:single;} |
---|
946 | span.Heading1Char |
---|
947 | {mso-style-name:"Heading 1 Char"; |
---|
948 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
949 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
950 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
951 | mso-style-link:"Heading 1"; |
---|
952 | mso-ansi-font-size:24.0pt; |
---|
953 | mso-bidi-font-size:24.0pt; |
---|
954 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
955 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
956 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
957 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
958 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
959 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
960 | mso-font-kerning:18.0pt; |
---|
961 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
962 | span.Heading2Char |
---|
963 | {mso-style-name:"Heading 2 Char"; |
---|
964 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
965 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
966 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
967 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
968 | mso-style-link:"Heading 2"; |
---|
969 | mso-ansi-font-size:18.0pt; |
---|
970 | mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt; |
---|
971 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
972 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
973 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
974 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
975 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
976 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
977 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
978 | span.Heading3Char |
---|
979 | {mso-style-name:"Heading 3 Char"; |
---|
980 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
981 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
982 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
983 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
984 | mso-style-link:"Heading 3"; |
---|
985 | mso-ansi-font-size:13.5pt; |
---|
986 | mso-bidi-font-size:13.5pt; |
---|
987 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
988 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
989 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
990 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
991 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
992 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
993 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
994 | span.Heading4Char |
---|
995 | {mso-style-name:"Heading 4 Char"; |
---|
996 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
997 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
998 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
999 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
1000 | mso-style-link:"Heading 4"; |
---|
1001 | mso-ansi-font-size:13.0pt; |
---|
1002 | mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt; |
---|
1003 | font-family:"Cambria",serif; |
---|
1004 | mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; |
---|
1005 | mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin; |
---|
1006 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1007 | mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast; |
---|
1008 | mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; |
---|
1009 | mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin; |
---|
1010 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1011 | mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi; |
---|
1012 | color:#4F81BD; |
---|
1013 | mso-themecolor:accent1; |
---|
1014 | font-weight:bold; |
---|
1015 | font-style:italic;} |
---|
1016 | span.Heading5Char |
---|
1017 | {mso-style-name:"Heading 5 Char"; |
---|
1018 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
1019 | mso-style-priority:9; |
---|
1020 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
1021 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
1022 | mso-style-link:"Heading 5"; |
---|
1023 | mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
1024 | mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
1025 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
1026 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1027 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1028 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
1029 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1030 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1031 | color:#4F4FFF; |
---|
1032 | font-weight:bold;} |
---|
1033 | span.HTMLPreformattedChar |
---|
1034 | {mso-style-name:"HTML Preformatted Char"; |
---|
1035 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
1036 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
1037 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
1038 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
1039 | mso-style-link:"HTML Preformatted"; |
---|
1040 | mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; |
---|
1041 | mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; |
---|
1042 | font-family:"Courier New"; |
---|
1043 | mso-ascii-font-family:"Courier New"; |
---|
1044 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1045 | mso-hansi-font-family:"Courier New"; |
---|
1046 | mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";} |
---|
1047 | p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0 |
---|
1048 | {mso-style-name:msonormal; |
---|
1049 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
1050 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
1051 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
1052 | mso-margin-top-alt:auto; |
---|
1053 | margin-right:0in; |
---|
1054 | mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; |
---|
1055 | margin-left:0in; |
---|
1056 | mso-pagination:widow-orphan; |
---|
1057 | font-size:12.0pt; |
---|
1058 | font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; |
---|
1059 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1060 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} |
---|
1061 | span.DocumentMapChar |
---|
1062 | {mso-style-name:"Document Map Char"; |
---|
1063 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
1064 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
1065 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
1066 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
1067 | mso-style-link:"Document Map"; |
---|
1068 | mso-ansi-font-size:8.0pt; |
---|
1069 | mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; |
---|
1070 | font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif; |
---|
1071 | mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; |
---|
1072 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
1073 | mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; |
---|
1074 | mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; |
---|
1075 | mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;} |
---|
1076 | span.BalloonTextChar |
---|
1077 | {mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char"; |
---|
1078 | mso-style-noshow:yes; |
---|
1079 | mso-style-priority:99; |
---|
1080 | mso-style-unhide:no; |
---|
1081 | mso-style-locked:yes; |
---|
1082 | mso-style-link:"Balloon Text"; |
---|
1083 | mso-ansi-font-size:8.0pt; |
---|
1084 | mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; |
---|
1085 | font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif; |
---|
1086 | mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; |
---|
1087 | mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; |
---|
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1417 | <div class=WordSection1> |
---|
1418 | |
---|
1419 | <h1>Magnetic Structures in GSAS-II I</h1> |
---|
1420 | |
---|
1421 | <h2>Introduction</h2> |
---|
1422 | |
---|
1423 | <p class=MsoNormal>In this and subsequent tutorials, we will show how GSAS-II |
---|
1424 | makes use of the Bilbao crystallographic server (<a |
---|
1425 | href="http://www.cryst.ehu.es/">www.cryst.ehu.es/</a>) <i style='mso-bidi-font-style: |
---|
1426 | normal'>Magnetic Symmetry and Applications</i> routine k-SUBGROUPSMAG (<a |
---|
1427 | href="http://iopscience.iop.org/0953-8984/28/28/286001"><span style='font-size: |
---|
1428 | 10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none; |
---|
1429 | text-underline:none'>Perez-<span class=SpellE>Mato</span>, JM; <span |
---|
1430 | class=SpellE>Gallego</span>, SV; <span class=SpellE>Elcoro</span>, L; <span |
---|
1431 | class=SpellE>Tasci</span>, E and <span class=SpellE>Aroyo</span>, MI<br> |
---|
1432 | <i>J. of Phys.: <span class=SpellE>Condens</span> Matter</i> (2016), <b>28</b>:28601</span></a>) |
---|
1433 | to determine magnetic crystal structures. If you have not done so already, you |
---|
1434 | may wish to do the Simple Magnetic Structures tutorial first as it contains |
---|
1435 | some background information that will not be covered here. To make this work, |
---|
1436 | your computer must have an internet connection for GSAS-II to access this site. |
---|
1437 | (We will supply the project file that results after k-SUBGROUPSMAG is called in |
---|
1438 | case you lack internet access)</p> |
---|
1439 | |
---|
1440 | <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p> |
---|
1441 | |
---|
1442 | <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>k-SUBGROUPSMAG</span> operates by starting |
---|
1443 | with the grey group for the parent chemical structure (e.g. Pnma1) and any |
---|
1444 | propagation vector (k-vector) by removing symmetry operators to generate |
---|
1445 | magnetic space subgroups. The remaining operators in each case are identified |
---|
1446 | with a standard setting of the known magnetic BNS space groups (2<sup>nd</sup> |
---|
1447 | setting with inversion at the origin as needed). It generally doesnt stop |
---|
1448 | until the lowest possible symmetry (triclinic) is reached; there can be more |
---|
1449 | than 100 of these possible subgroups. For each one, the magnetic space group symbol, |
---|
1450 | lattice transformation matrix and any required translation of the original |
---|
1451 | coordinates is returned in a table of the results. In GSAS-II, the |
---|
1452 | k-SUBGROUPSMAG web page is called with the parent chemical space group |
---|
1453 | operations, your selected k-vectors and some option flags. The returned web |
---|
1454 | page is parsed by GSAS-II to extract the generated magnetic space groups, |
---|
1455 | transformation matrices and origin shift vector. If the resulting space group |
---|
1456 | is orthorhombic, GSAS-II will by default transform the standard setting to a |
---|
1457 | setting where the unit cell axes orientation is preserved vs the chemical cell. |
---|
1458 | GSAS-II will also optionally examine the magnetic atom positions to determine |
---|
1459 | if any or all can carry a nonzero moment, flagging those space groups with |
---|
1460 | atoms that can. This simplifies the search for a correct description of the |
---|
1461 | magnetic structure.</p> |
---|
1462 | |
---|
1463 | <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p> |
---|
1464 | |
---|
1465 | <p class=MsoNormal>To see how this works for a simple case, we will repeat the |
---|
1466 | first exercise in the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1467 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1468 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Simple |
---|
1469 | Magnetic Structures in GSAS-II</span></b> tutorial in this tutorial, skipping |
---|
1470 | some steps as these are not needed. We will <span class=SpellE>redetermine</span> |
---|
1471 | the magnetic structure for the simple antiferromagnet LaMnO<sub>3</sub> which |
---|
1472 | is a perovskite distorted by a strong <span class=SpellE>Jahn</span>-Teller |
---|
1473 | effect to an orthorhombic cell. Neutron powder diffraction data was obtained on |
---|
1474 | BT-1 at the NIST reactor at 50K (thanks to Qingzhen Huang for providing the |
---|
1475 | data).</p> |
---|
1476 | |
---|
1477 | <p class=MsoNormal>If you have not done so already, start GSAS-II (make sure |
---|
1478 | about the internet connection!).</p> |
---|
1479 | |
---|
1480 | <h2>Simple Antiferromagnet: LaMnO<sub>3</sub></h2> |
---|
1481 | |
---|
1482 | <h3>Step 1: Read in the data file</h3> |
---|
1483 | |
---|
1484 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto; |
---|
1485 | text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span |
---|
1486 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span |
---|
1487 | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>Use |
---|
1488 | the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1489 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1490 | minor-latin'>Import/Powder Data/from GSAS powder data file</span></b> menu item |
---|
1491 | to read the data file into the current GSAS-II project. This read option is set |
---|
1492 | to read any of the powder data formats defined for GSAS (angles in <span |
---|
1493 | class=SpellE>centidegrees</span>, TOF in µsec). Other submenu items will read |
---|
1494 | the <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1495 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1496 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>cif</span></b></span> |
---|
1497 | format or the <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1498 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1499 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>xye</span></b></span> |
---|
1500 | format (angles in degrees) used by <span class=SpellE>Topas</span>, etc.<span |
---|
1501 | style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>In those cases, you would change the file |
---|
1502 | directory to <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1503 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1504 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>cif</span></b></span> |
---|
1505 | format or the <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1506 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1507 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>xye</span></b></span> |
---|
1508 | format (angles in degrees) used by <span class=SpellE>Topas</span>, etc. to see |
---|
1509 | them. Because you used <span style='mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: |
---|
1510 | minor-latin'>the </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1511 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1512 | mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
1513 | minor-latin'>Help/Download tutorial</span></b><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: |
---|
1514 | Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin'> menu entry to open this page and |
---|
1515 | downloaded the exercise files (recommended), then the </span><b |
---|
1516 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1517 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: |
---|
1518 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Magnetic-I/data/...</span></b><span |
---|
1519 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin'> |
---|
1520 | entry will bring you to the location where the files have been downloaded. (It |
---|
1521 | is also possible to download them manually from <a |
---|
1522 | href="https://subversion.xray.aps.anl.gov/pyGSAS/Tutorials/Magnetic-I/data/">https://subversion.xray.aps.anl.gov/pyGSAS/Tutorials/Magnetic-I/data/</a>. |
---|
1523 | In this case you will need to navigate to the download location manually.)<br> |
---|
1524 | For this tutorial you should see the data file in the file browser, but if |
---|
1525 | extensions on data files are not the expected ones, you may need to change the |
---|
1526 | file type to </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1527 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1528 | mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
1529 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>All files (*.*)</span></b><span |
---|
1530 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin'> to |
---|
1531 | find the desired file.</span></p> |
---|
1532 | |
---|
1533 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space: |
---|
1534 | auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span |
---|
1535 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span |
---|
1536 | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>Select |
---|
1537 | the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1538 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1539 | minor-latin'>CaMnO3_50K.gsas</span></b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1540 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1541 | minor-latin'> data</span> file in the first dialog and press <b |
---|
1542 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1543 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1544 | minor-latin'>Open</span></b>. There will be a Dialog box asking <span |
---|
1545 | class=GramE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
1546 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
1547 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Is</span></b></span><b |
---|
1548 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1549 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1550 | minor-latin'> this the file you want?</span></b> Press <span class=GramE><b |
---|
1551 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1552 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1553 | minor-latin'>Yes</span></b></span> button to proceed.</p> |
---|
1554 | |
---|
1555 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto; |
---|
1556 | text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span |
---|
1557 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span |
---|
1558 | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>Since |
---|
1559 | this data file does not define an instrument parameter file, a file dialog will |
---|
1560 | appear for you to select the correct instrument parameter file. Select <b |
---|
1561 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1562 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1563 | minor-latin'>BT1_Cu300.inst</span></b>; you may have to change the file type in |
---|
1564 | the file selection Dialog box to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1565 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1566 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>GSAS <span |
---|
1567 | class=SpellE>iparm</span> file</span></b> to see it. At this point the <b |
---|
1568 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1569 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1570 | minor-latin'>GSAS-II data tree</span></b> window will have several entries </p> |
---|
1571 | |
---|
1572 | <h2><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" |
---|
1573 | coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" |
---|
1574 | filled="f" stroked="f"> |
---|
1575 | <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> |
---|
1576 | <v:formulas> |
---|
1577 | <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> |
---|
1578 | <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> |
---|
1579 | <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> |
---|
1580 | <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> |
---|
1581 | <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> |
---|
1582 | <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> |
---|
1583 | <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> |
---|
1584 | <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> |
---|
1585 | <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> |
---|
1586 | <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> |
---|
1587 | <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> |
---|
1588 | <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> |
---|
1589 | </v:formulas> |
---|
1590 | <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> |
---|
1591 | <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> |
---|
1592 | </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1063" type="#_x0000_t75" |
---|
1593 | style='width:319.5pt;height:216.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1594 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image001.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1595 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=426 height=289 |
---|
1596 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image002.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_3"><![endif]></span></h2> |
---|
1597 | |
---|
1598 | <p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>and</span> the plot window will show the |
---|
1599 | powder pattern</p> |
---|
1600 | |
---|
1601 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1602 | id="_x0000_i1062" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:5in;height:368.25pt; |
---|
1603 | visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1604 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image004.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1605 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=480 height=491 |
---|
1606 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image006.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1062"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1607 | |
---|
1608 | <h3>Step 2: Select Limits </h3> |
---|
1609 | |
---|
1610 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>This pattern has more |
---|
1611 | data than we need, so it is helpful to cut down the range and one probably |
---|
1612 | doesnt want to use the two very broad peaks at the upper end of the pattern as |
---|
1613 | they dont contain much information for the magnetic structure. One also should |
---|
1614 | be careful in selecting the lower limit especially for magnetic structure |
---|
1615 | studies as a small peak may be hidden at low angles that can decisively |
---|
1616 | determine a magnetic structure (there are none in this example, but this issue |
---|
1617 | will be apparent in the next example). Click on the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1618 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1619 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Limits</span></b> |
---|
1620 | item in the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
1621 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>GSAS-II |
---|
1622 | data tree</span></b>. Use the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1623 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1624 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>New:</span></b> |
---|
1625 | set of entry boxes to set <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1626 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1627 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Tmin</span></b></span> |
---|
1628 | and <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1629 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1630 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Tmax</span></b></span> |
---|
1631 | to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1632 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>6 </span></b>and |
---|
1633 | <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1634 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1635 | minor-latin'>156</span></b>. Notice on the plot that the limit lines have moved |
---|
1636 | to these positions; the green lower limit is just below the 1<sup>st</sup> peak |
---|
1637 | and the red upper limit is just below that last two broad peaks. You may also |
---|
1638 | drag the limit lines to the desired location or place them by a left mouse |
---|
1639 | click on a data point for the lower limit or a right click on a data point for |
---|
1640 | the upper limit. The plot should look like</p> |
---|
1641 | |
---|
1642 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1643 | id="_x0000_i1061" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:358.5pt;height:367.5pt; |
---|
1644 | visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1645 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image008.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1646 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=478 height=490 |
---|
1647 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image010.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1061"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1648 | |
---|
1649 | <h3>Step 3: Read in the chemical structure for LaMnO<sub>3</sub></h3> |
---|
1650 | |
---|
1651 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto; |
---|
1652 | text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span |
---|
1653 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span |
---|
1654 | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>Use |
---|
1655 | the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1656 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1657 | minor-latin'>Import/Phase/from CIF file</span></b> menu item to read the phase |
---|
1658 | information for LaMnO<sub>3</sub> into the current GSAS-II project. This read |
---|
1659 | option is set to read Crystallographic Information Files (CIF). Other submenu |
---|
1660 | items will read phase information in other formats.<span |
---|
1661 | style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Because you used <span style='mso-fareast-font-family: |
---|
1662 | Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin'>the </span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1663 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1664 | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1665 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Help/Download tutorial</span></b><span |
---|
1666 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin'> |
---|
1667 | menu entry to open this page and downloaded the exercise files (recommended), |
---|
1668 | then the </span><span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1669 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1670 | mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
1671 | minor-latin'>SimpleMagnetic</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1672 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1673 | minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1674 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin'>/data/...</span></b><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: |
---|
1675 | Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin'> entry will bring you to the |
---|
1676 | location where the files have been downloaded. (It is also possible to download |
---|
1677 | them manually from <a |
---|
1678 | href="https://subversion.xray.aps.anl.gov/pyGSAS/Tutorials/Magnetic-I/data/">https://subversion.xray.aps.anl.gov/pyGSAS/Tutorials/Magnetic-I/data/</a>. |
---|
1679 | In this case you will need to navigate to the download location manually.)</span></p> |
---|
1680 | |
---|
1681 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space: |
---|
1682 | auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span |
---|
1683 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span |
---|
1684 | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>Select |
---|
1685 | the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1686 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1687 | minor-latin'>LaMnO3.cif</span></b><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1688 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1689 | minor-latin'> data</span> file in the first dialog and press <b |
---|
1690 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1691 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1692 | minor-latin'>Open</span></b>. There will be a Dialog box asking <span |
---|
1693 | class=GramE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
1694 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
1695 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Is</span></b></span><b |
---|
1696 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1697 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1698 | minor-latin'> this the file you want?</span></b> Press <span class=GramE><b |
---|
1699 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1700 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1701 | minor-latin'>Yes</span></b></span> button to proceed. You will get the |
---|
1702 | opportunity to change the phase name next (I took out the spaces!); press <b |
---|
1703 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1704 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1705 | minor-latin'>OK</span></b> to continue.</p> |
---|
1706 | |
---|
1707 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space: |
---|
1708 | auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span |
---|
1709 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span |
---|
1710 | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>Next |
---|
1711 | is the histogram selection window; this connects the phase to the data so it |
---|
1712 | can be used in subsequent calculations.<span style='mso-no-proof:yes'> </span></p> |
---|
1713 | |
---|
1714 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space: |
---|
1715 | auto'><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1060" |
---|
1716 | type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:283.5pt;height:227.25pt;visibility:visible; |
---|
1717 | mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1718 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image012.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1719 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=378 height=303 |
---|
1720 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image014.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1060"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1721 | |
---|
1722 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto'>Select |
---|
1723 | the histogram (or press <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1724 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1725 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Set All</span></b>) |
---|
1726 | and press <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1727 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1728 | minor-latin'>OK</span></b>. The General tab for the phase is shown next<br> |
---|
1729 | <span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1059" |
---|
1730 | type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:343.5pt;height:219pt;visibility:visible; |
---|
1731 | mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1732 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image015.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1733 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=458 height=292 |
---|
1734 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image016.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1059"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1735 | |
---|
1736 | <h3>Step 4. Check powder pattern indexing</h3> |
---|
1737 | |
---|
1738 | <p class=MsoNormal>Here the objective is to determine how the reflection |
---|
1739 | positions generated from the chemical (nuclear) crystal structure lattice match |
---|
1740 | up with the peaks observed for this antiferromagnet. </p> |
---|
1741 | |
---|
1742 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto; |
---|
1743 | text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span |
---|
1744 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span |
---|
1745 | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>Select |
---|
1746 | <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1747 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1748 | minor-latin'>Unit Cells List</span></b> from the tree entries under the |
---|
1749 | histogram (begins with PWDR); the Indexing controls will be shown<br> |
---|
1750 | <span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_6" |
---|
1751 | o:spid="_x0000_i1058" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:348.75pt;height:125.25pt; |
---|
1752 | visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1753 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image011.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1754 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=465 height=167 |
---|
1755 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image017.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_6"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1756 | |
---|
1757 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space: |
---|
1758 | auto'>This can be use lattice parameters & space groups to generate |
---|
1759 | expected reflection positions to check against the peaks in the powder pattern. |
---|
1760 | </p> |
---|
1761 | |
---|
1762 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space: |
---|
1763 | auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span |
---|
1764 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span |
---|
1765 | style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]>One |
---|
1766 | could then enter <span class=SpellE>Bravais</span> lattice, choose space group |
---|
1767 | & enter lattice parameters by hand, but the easy way is to use the chemical |
---|
1768 | lattice directly. Do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1769 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1770 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Cell |
---|
1771 | Index/Refine/Load Cell</span></b> from the menu; a Phase selection box will |
---|
1772 | appear with only one choice (<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1773 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1774 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>LaMnO3</span></b>). |
---|
1775 | This was taken from the Phases present in this project; there could be more |
---|
1776 | than one depending on what you loaded/created earlier. The <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1777 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1778 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Import</span></b> |
---|
1779 | menu item allows you to get lattice information from any one of the other phase |
---|
1780 | containing files known to GSAS-II. Press <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1781 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1782 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>OK</span></b> |
---|
1783 | and the Indexing controls will be change<br> |
---|
1784 | <span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1057" |
---|
1785 | type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:342pt;height:122.25pt;visibility:visible; |
---|
1786 | mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1787 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image018.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1788 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=456 height=163 |
---|
1789 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image020.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1057"><![endif]></span><br> |
---|
1790 | showing the lattice constants for LaMnO<sub>3</sub> you had obtained from the <span |
---|
1791 | class=SpellE>cif</span> file and the powder pattern will change showing the |
---|
1792 | lines for P n m a and the LaMnO<sub>3</sub> lattice parameters. Change the |
---|
1793 | space group to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
1794 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
1795 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>P m <span class=SpellE>m</span> <span |
---|
1796 | class=SpellE>m</span></span></b>; the plot will change showing the new lines.</p> |
---|
1797 | |
---|
1798 | <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto'><span |
---|
1799 | style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_8" |
---|
1800 | o:spid="_x0000_i1056" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:342pt;height:279.75pt; |
---|
1801 | visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1802 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image028.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1803 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=456 height=373 |
---|
1804 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image037.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_8"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1805 | |
---|
1806 | <p class=MsoNormal>Notice that every peak is indexed by this cell, therefore |
---|
1807 | the magnetic lattice is the same as the chemical cell. It just has some magnetically |
---|
1808 | allowed reflections that were forbidden in the space group P n m a. No doubling |
---|
1809 | of the unit cell along any axes is needed, this makes the magnetic propagation |
---|
1810 | vector, <span class=SpellE>kx</span> <span class=SpellE>ky</span> <span |
---|
1811 | class=SpellE>kz</span> = 0<span class=GramE>,0,0</span>; this will be needed in |
---|
1812 | the next step. Now change the space group back to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1813 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1814 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>P |
---|
1815 | m n a</span></b> (<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>VERY IMPORTANT!) </b>or |
---|
1816 | else repeat the<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'> </b><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1817 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1818 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Cell |
---|
1819 | Index/Refine/Load Cell </span></b>done in step 2 above to recover the LaMnO<sub>3</sub> |
---|
1820 | data.</p> |
---|
1821 | |
---|
1822 | <h3>Step 5. Run k-SUBGROUPSMAG</h3> |
---|
1823 | |
---|
1824 | <p class=MsoNormal>In this next step, you will be accessing the Bilbao |
---|
1825 | crystallographic server so you must be connected to the internet. In the Cell |
---|
1826 | Index/Refine menu select <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1827 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1828 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Run |
---|
1829 | k-SUBGROUPSMAG</span></b>; a small popup dialog will appear</p> |
---|
1830 | |
---|
1831 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1832 | id="_x0000_i1055" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:166.5pt;height:278.25pt; |
---|
1833 | visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1834 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image039.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1835 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=222 height=371 |
---|
1836 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image041.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1055"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1837 | |
---|
1838 | <p class=MsoNormal>These are the controls for running the Bilbao routine. The |
---|
1839 | space group is taken from the Space Group entry on the Unit Cells window. Since |
---|
1840 | we did not discover any cell doubling, leave the <span class=SpellE>kx</span> <span |
---|
1841 | class=SpellE><span class=GramE>ky</span></span> <span class=SpellE>kz</span> |
---|
1842 | entries as they are. Do select <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1843 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1844 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Mn</span></b></span> |
---|
1845 | from the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1846 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1847 | minor-latin'>test for mag. atoms</span></b> pulldown as that will restrict the |
---|
1848 | models to those with a nonzero magnetic moment on the <span class=SpellE>Mn</span> |
---|
1849 | atoms. We will discuss the other options in another tutorial. Press <b |
---|
1850 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1851 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1852 | minor-latin'>Ok</span></b>. A popup dialog will appear reminding you how to |
---|
1853 | cite the Bilbao routine in any paper you write using this facility.</p> |
---|
1854 | |
---|
1855 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1856 | id="Picture_x0020_16" o:spid="_x0000_i1054" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:357.75pt; |
---|
1857 | height:123.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1858 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image032.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1859 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=477 height=165 |
---|
1860 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image043.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_16"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1861 | |
---|
1862 | <p class=MsoNormal>Press <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1863 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1864 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Ok</span></b>, |
---|
1865 | the nag note will also appear on the console and after a pause, the console |
---|
1866 | will show request OK indicating that the Bilbao site has responded with some |
---|
1867 | results. GSAS-II will next display a File Dialog asking for a project name to |
---|
1868 | save this project; change the directory to a useful place for your work on this |
---|
1869 | tutorial and give the project a name; I used <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1870 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1871 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>LaMnO3 |
---|
1872 | base.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> |
---|
1873 | |
---|
1874 | <p class=MsoNormal>The GSAS-II data window will display the results from |
---|
1875 | k-SUBGROUPSMAG. (If k-SUBGROUPSMAG failed because you lack internet access, |
---|
1876 | this file is located in the same location as the powder data and <span |
---|
1877 | class=SpellE>cif</span> files used above were found. Do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1878 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1879 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>File/Open |
---|
1880 | Project</span></b> from the main menu to access it <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1881 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1882 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>LaMnO3 |
---|
1883 | <span class=SpellE>base.gpx</span></span></b>).</p> |
---|
1884 | |
---|
1885 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1886 | id="Picture_x0020_46" o:spid="_x0000_i1053" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:360.75pt; |
---|
1887 | height:253.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1888 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image045.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1889 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=481 height=338 |
---|
1890 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image047.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_46"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1891 | |
---|
1892 | <p class=MsoNormal>The table shows all the magnetic space groups that are |
---|
1893 | possible starting with P n m <span class=GramE>a and</span> zero propagation |
---|
1894 | vector; this is noted in the table heading. Notice that it goes all the way to |
---|
1895 | a triclinic P1 magnetic space group; you probably will never need to go that |
---|
1896 | far to find a suitable magnetic space group. The ones marked Keep have a |
---|
1897 | possibly magnetic <span class=SpellE>Mn</span> atom based on the magnetic site |
---|
1898 | symmetries of the transformed atom positions (there may be more than one). Each |
---|
1899 | entry also shows the transformation matrix in symbolic form and the necessary |
---|
1900 | origin shift so that the new structure is properly positioned to satisfy the |
---|
1901 | new space group. The orthorhombic ones (1-18) are all transformed so the cell |
---|
1902 | matches the parent; this is the default action. K-SUBGROUPSMAG returned these |
---|
1903 | in the standard orthorhombic setting; GSAS-II reset these to match the parent. The |
---|
1904 | Try box is for you to test the reflection indexing of each structure to be sure |
---|
1905 | all the magnetic peaks are included. Try each of the first 3 that are marked |
---|
1906 | Keep (you may recognize these from the Simple Magnetic tutorial). As you select |
---|
1907 | each one the powder pattern will be replotted showing the allowed lines. For |
---|
1908 | the 2<sup>nd</sup> <span class=GramE>one ,</span> <span class=SpellE><b |
---|
1909 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1910 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1911 | minor-latin'>Pnma</span></b></span><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1912 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1913 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'></span></b>, |
---|
1914 | the plot shows all lines indexed (apart from the contaminant peak at |
---|
1915 | 15.69°2Θ).</p> |
---|
1916 | |
---|
1917 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1918 | id="Picture_x0020_47" o:spid="_x0000_i1052" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:359.25pt; |
---|
1919 | height:367.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1920 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image049.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1921 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=479 height=490 |
---|
1922 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image051.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_47"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1923 | |
---|
1924 | <p class=MsoNormal>Ive zoomed in on the low angle region for clarity. If you <span |
---|
1925 | class=GramE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
1926 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
1927 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Try</span></b></span> the <span |
---|
1928 | class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
1929 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
1930 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Pnma</span></b></span> one as |
---|
1931 | well, it will index all the lines (even showing two that straddle the |
---|
1932 | contaminant line). You can then <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>un</span><b |
---|
1933 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1934 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1935 | minor-latin'>Keep</span></b></span> the other choices so they dont appear in |
---|
1936 | a later step where you select the magnetic phase. Now do a <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
1937 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
1938 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Save |
---|
1939 | project</span></b>; that will save your choices for later (there should be at |
---|
1940 | least two).</p> |
---|
1941 | |
---|
1942 | <h3>Step 6. Select a magnetic phase</h3> |
---|
1943 | |
---|
1944 | <p class=MsoNormal>In the previous step we discovered two possible highest |
---|
1945 | symmetry magnetic structures that both indexed all the reflections in the |
---|
1946 | powder pattern (in one case even the contaminant line) and allowed the <span |
---|
1947 | class=SpellE>Mn</span> atom sites to have magnetic moments. We will see those |
---|
1948 | next. Select the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
1949 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
1950 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>LaMnO3</span></b> phase from the |
---|
1951 | GSAS-II data tree (under Phases). The General tab is shown for this nuclear |
---|
1952 | phase.</p> |
---|
1953 | |
---|
1954 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1955 | id="Picture_x0020_48" o:spid="_x0000_i1051" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:359.25pt; |
---|
1956 | height:217.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1957 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image053.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1958 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=479 height=290 |
---|
1959 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image055.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_48"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1960 | |
---|
1961 | <p class=MsoNormal>Do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1962 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1963 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Compute/Select |
---|
1964 | magnetic phase</span></b>; that will make a small popup dialog</p> |
---|
1965 | |
---|
1966 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1967 | id="Picture_x0020_49" o:spid="_x0000_i1050" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:207.75pt; |
---|
1968 | height:222.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1969 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image057.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1970 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=277 height=297 |
---|
1971 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image059.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_49"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1972 | |
---|
1973 | <p class=MsoNormal>This shows all magnetic phases that were marked Keep in the |
---|
1974 | Unit Cells; for each you see the transformation and vector (occasionally two |
---|
1975 | results will have the same space group but are different). Select the 1<sup>st</sup> |
---|
1976 | one and press <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
1977 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
1978 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>OK</span></b>; a new popup dialog |
---|
1979 | will appear.</p> |
---|
1980 | |
---|
1981 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
1982 | id="Picture_x0020_50" o:spid="_x0000_i1049" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:262.5pt; |
---|
1983 | height:92.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
1984 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image061.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
1985 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=350 height=123 |
---|
1986 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image063.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_50"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
1987 | |
---|
1988 | <p class=MsoNormal>This shows the magnetic atoms in this structure and allows one |
---|
1989 | to reject certain ones that are known to not be magnetic. If you press Delete |
---|
1990 | then this space group will be unmarked Keep in the Unit Cell List and will not |
---|
1991 | be available for a future selection. If you select No then nothing will happen |
---|
1992 | and you can find this space group in a subsequent try of Select magnetic phase. |
---|
1993 | This space group is the desired one; press <span class=GramE><b |
---|
1994 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
1995 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
1996 | minor-latin'>Yes</span></b></span> to select it. A File Dialog box will appear |
---|
1997 | offering a new project file name (<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
1998 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
1999 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>LaMnO3 mag_2.gpx</span></b>) |
---|
2000 | for saving the project and renaming it. It will be in the same directory as the |
---|
2001 | original one (LaMnO3 <span class=SpellE>base.gpx</span>). Press <b |
---|
2002 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2003 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2004 | minor-latin'>Save</span></b>; the new project will be opened to the General tab |
---|
2005 | for magnetic phase just created.</p> |
---|
2006 | |
---|
2007 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2008 | id="Picture_x0020_17" o:spid="_x0000_i1048" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:357pt; |
---|
2009 | height:232.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2010 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image042.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2011 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=476 height=310 |
---|
2012 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image065.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_17"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2013 | |
---|
2014 | <p class=MsoNormal>The phase is named with mag_2 appended to the end, the |
---|
2015 | phase type is magnetic and there are magnetic spin operator selections part way |
---|
2016 | down the page. These are properly set for the chosen magnetic space group <span |
---|
2017 | class=SpellE>Pnma</span> as red<span class=GramE>, </span>black, red. |
---|
2018 | You also can see the <span class=SpellE>Lande</span> g factor can be changed |
---|
2019 | if needed and it only contains the <span class=SpellE>Mn</span> atom. Notice |
---|
2020 | that the base project is unchanged (and closed) in this process. That allows |
---|
2021 | you to go back to it to try another magnetic phase if necessary (in this case |
---|
2022 | the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> phase). Also note that the k-SUBGROUPSMAG |
---|
2023 | results table has been deleted from the Unit Cells List; this keeps you from inadvertently |
---|
2024 | making a second magnetic phase in this project that would clash with the first |
---|
2025 | one. Now, lets explore the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> magnetic |
---|
2026 | structure.</p> |
---|
2027 | |
---|
2028 | <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p> |
---|
2029 | |
---|
2030 | <h3>Step 7. Solving the magnetic structure</h3> |
---|
2031 | |
---|
2032 | <h4 style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span |
---|
2033 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:major-latin; |
---|
2034 | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin'><span |
---|
2035 | style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> |
---|
2036 | </span></span></span><![endif]>Test the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> model</h4> |
---|
2037 | |
---|
2038 | <p class=MsoNormal>So now we have a spin arrangement to consider, <span |
---|
2039 | class=SpellE>Pnma</span>, but we do not know the magnetic moment components, <span |
---|
2040 | class=SpellE>Mx</span>, My & <span class=SpellE>Mz</span>. However, since |
---|
2041 | the 1<sup>st </sup>reflection (the 010) is magnetic and strong, it is likely |
---|
2042 | that the value of <span class=GramE>My=</span>0. We can force this (to avoid |
---|
2043 | refinement problems) by making a hold on its value. Select the <b |
---|
2044 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2045 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2046 | minor-latin'>Constraints</span></b> item from the GSAS-II tree; it will show |
---|
2047 | the constraints generated when the magnetic phase was made</p> |
---|
2048 | |
---|
2049 | <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p> |
---|
2050 | |
---|
2051 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2052 | id="Picture_x0020_51" o:spid="_x0000_i1047" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:361.5pt; |
---|
2053 | height:166.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2054 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image067.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2055 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=482 height=222 |
---|
2056 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image069.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_51"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2057 | |
---|
2058 | <p class=MsoNormal>Under the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2059 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2060 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Edit <span |
---|
2061 | class=SpellE>Costr</span>.</span></b> <span class=GramE>menu</span> item do <b |
---|
2062 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2063 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2064 | minor-latin'>Add hold</span></b>; a Hold phase variable window will appear</p> |
---|
2065 | |
---|
2066 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2067 | id="Picture_x0020_19" o:spid="_x0000_i1046" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:361.5pt; |
---|
2068 | height:175.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2069 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image046.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2070 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=482 height=234 |
---|
2071 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image071.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_19"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2072 | |
---|
2073 | <p class=MsoNormal>This can be simplified by putting <span class=GramE>My</span> |
---|
2074 | in the Name Filter box</p> |
---|
2075 | |
---|
2076 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2077 | id="Picture_x0020_20" o:spid="_x0000_i1045" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:361.5pt; |
---|
2078 | height:175.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2079 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image048.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2080 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=482 height=234 |
---|
2081 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image073.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_20"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2082 | |
---|
2083 | <p class=MsoNormal>Select the entry and press OK; the constraint window will |
---|
2084 | show the Hold at the bottom of the list.</p> |
---|
2085 | |
---|
2086 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2087 | id="Picture_x0020_52" o:spid="_x0000_i1044" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:5in; |
---|
2088 | height:165.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2089 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image075.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2090 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=480 height=221 |
---|
2091 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image077.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_52"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2092 | |
---|
2093 | <p class=MsoNormal>Now return to phases and select <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
2094 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
2095 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>La |
---|
2096 | <span class=SpellE>Mn</span> O3 mag_2</span></b> and the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
2097 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
2098 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Atoms</span></b> |
---|
2099 | tab; you should see</p> |
---|
2100 | |
---|
2101 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2102 | id="Picture_x0020_22" o:spid="_x0000_i1043" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:362.25pt; |
---|
2103 | height:80.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2104 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image052.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2105 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=483 height=107 |
---|
2106 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image079.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_22"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2107 | |
---|
2108 | <p class=MsoNormal>The least squares will not begin a refinement of <span |
---|
2109 | class=SpellE>Mx</span> & <span class=SpellE>Mz</span> starting from zero |
---|
2110 | since either +/- values are equally possible; the result will be a singularity. |
---|
2111 | So these values must be offset so set them to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
2112 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
2113 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>1.0</span></b> |
---|
2114 | each. Do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2115 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2116 | minor-latin'>Calculate/Refine</span></b>; the refinement will quickly converge |
---|
2117 | to <span class=SpellE>Rwp</span> ~14% and the powder plot will look like</p> |
---|
2118 | |
---|
2119 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2120 | id="Picture_x0020_23" o:spid="_x0000_i1042" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:360.75pt; |
---|
2121 | height:294pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2122 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image054.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2123 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=481 height=392 |
---|
2124 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image081.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_23"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2125 | |
---|
2126 | <p class=MsoNormal>There does not appear to be any calculated magnetic |
---|
2127 | intensity, but a zoom onto the low angle (10-30°2Θ) part of the pattern shows |
---|
2128 | that some intensity was obtained, but clearly not enough.</p> |
---|
2129 | |
---|
2130 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2131 | id="Picture_x0020_24" o:spid="_x0000_i1041" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:359.25pt; |
---|
2132 | height:293.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2133 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image056.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2134 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=479 height=391 |
---|
2135 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image083.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_24"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2136 | |
---|
2137 | <p class=MsoNormal>The magnetic moment is clearly too small; to let the least |
---|
2138 | squares find a better value set the refine flag for <span class=SpellE>Mn</span> |
---|
2139 | to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2140 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2141 | minor-latin'>M</span></b> and repeat <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2142 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2143 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Calculate/Refine</span></b>. |
---|
2144 | The residual will drop considerably to <span class=SpellE>Rwp</span> ~8.7% and |
---|
2145 | the low angle portion will show a much better fit.</p> |
---|
2146 | |
---|
2147 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2148 | id="Picture_x0020_25" o:spid="_x0000_i1040" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:361.5pt; |
---|
2149 | height:294.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2150 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image058.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2151 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=482 height=393 |
---|
2152 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image085.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_25"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2153 | |
---|
2154 | <p class=MsoNormal>This appears to be a reasonable solution; a more complete |
---|
2155 | refinement still needs to be done, well do that in the next step after we test |
---|
2156 | the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> model. <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2157 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2158 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Save</span></b> |
---|
2159 | the project.</p> |
---|
2160 | |
---|
2161 | <h4 style='margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span |
---|
2162 | style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:major-latin; |
---|
2163 | mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-latin'><span |
---|
2164 | style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> |
---|
2165 | </span></span></span><![endif]>Test the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> model</h4> |
---|
2166 | |
---|
2167 | <p class=MsoNormal>Now reopen the original <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2168 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2169 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>LaMnO3 <span |
---|
2170 | class=SpellE>base.gpx</span></span></b> file saved at Step 5 above. Select <b |
---|
2171 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2172 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2173 | minor-latin'>La <span class=SpellE>Mn</span> O3</span></b> phase from the |
---|
2174 | GSAS-II tree; the General tab will be shown</p> |
---|
2175 | |
---|
2176 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2177 | id="Picture_x0020_26" o:spid="_x0000_i1039" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:5in; |
---|
2178 | height:204.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2179 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image060.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2180 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=480 height=273 |
---|
2181 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image087.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_26"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2182 | |
---|
2183 | <p class=MsoNormal>Do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2184 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2185 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Compute/Select |
---|
2186 | magnetic phase</span></b>; the magnetic phase selection box will show again</p> |
---|
2187 | |
---|
2188 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2189 | id="Picture_x0020_54" o:spid="_x0000_i1038" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:207.75pt; |
---|
2190 | height:222.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2191 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image057.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2192 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=277 height=297 |
---|
2193 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image059.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_54"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2194 | |
---|
2195 | <p class=MsoNormal>This time select the second choice <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
2196 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
2197 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>(8) |
---|
2198 | <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span>; (<span class=SpellE>a<span class=GramE>,b,c</span></span>) |
---|
2199 | + (0,0,0)</span></b> and press <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2200 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2201 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>OK</span></b>. |
---|
2202 | A new popup dialog will appear</p> |
---|
2203 | |
---|
2204 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2205 | id="Picture_x0020_55" o:spid="_x0000_i1037" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:262.5pt; |
---|
2206 | height:92.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2207 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image115.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2208 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=350 height=123 |
---|
2209 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image116.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_55"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2210 | |
---|
2211 | <p class=MsoNormal>Press <span class=GramE>Yes</span> to select this choice; a |
---|
2212 | File dialog will appear with a new project name for this magnet model (<b |
---|
2213 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2214 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2215 | minor-latin'>LaMnO3 mag_8.gpx</span></b>). Press <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
2216 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
2217 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Save</span></b> |
---|
2218 | to select it; the projects will be exchanged opening the new magnetic one |
---|
2219 | showing the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> magnetic phase</p> |
---|
2220 | |
---|
2221 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2222 | id="Picture_x0020_30" o:spid="_x0000_i1036" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:363pt; |
---|
2223 | height:233.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2224 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image064.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2225 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=484 height=311 |
---|
2226 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image117.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_30"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2227 | |
---|
2228 | <p class=MsoNormal>This time all the spin operators are black. Select the |
---|
2229 | Atoms tab</p> |
---|
2230 | |
---|
2231 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2232 | id="Picture_x0020_33" o:spid="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:5in; |
---|
2233 | height:88.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2234 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image066.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2235 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=480 height=118 |
---|
2236 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image118.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_33"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2237 | |
---|
2238 | <p class=MsoNormal>Again, one can make the same argument that since the 010 |
---|
2239 | reflection is large then <span class=GramE>My</span> should be zero. Set <span |
---|
2240 | class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
2241 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
2242 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Mx</span></b></span> & <span |
---|
2243 | class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
2244 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
2245 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Mz</span></b></span> to 1.0 and |
---|
2246 | then go to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
2247 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
2248 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Constraints</span></b> and set the |
---|
2249 | hold on <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2250 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2251 | minor-latin'>1:<span class=GramE>:AMy:0</span></span></b>. Do <b |
---|
2252 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2253 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2254 | minor-latin'>Calculate/Refine</span></b> from the main menu to do a Rietveld |
---|
2255 | refinement. It converges to <span class=SpellE>Rwp</span> ~14%; about the same |
---|
2256 | as the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> model at the same step. The low angle |
---|
2257 | portion of the powder pattern shows</p> |
---|
2258 | |
---|
2259 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2260 | id="Picture_x0020_34" o:spid="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:358.5pt; |
---|
2261 | height:292.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2262 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image068.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2263 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=478 height=390 |
---|
2264 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image119.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_34"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2265 | |
---|
2266 | <p class=MsoNormal>There is intensity in the lowest angle reflection (the 010) |
---|
2267 | but not enough. Again well try to refine the <span class=SpellE>Mx</span> |
---|
2268 | & <span class=SpellE>Mz</span> components to see what happens. Set the |
---|
2269 | refine flag for <span class=SpellE>Mn</span> to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
2270 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
2271 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>M</span></b> |
---|
2272 | and repeat <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
2273 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
2274 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Calculate/Refine</span></b>. The |
---|
2275 | residual will drop to <span class=SpellE>Rwp</span> ~10% and the low angle |
---|
2276 | portion will show a much better fit which is very similar, but slightly poorer |
---|
2277 | than the result from the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> model. To see how, |
---|
2278 | examine a slightly higher angle region (30-55°2Θ) and compare it with the |
---|
2279 | same region for the plot for the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> model (youll |
---|
2280 | need2 instances of GSAS-II running to do this)</p> |
---|
2281 | |
---|
2282 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2283 | id="Picture_x0020_37" o:spid="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:5in; |
---|
2284 | height:123pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2285 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image070.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2286 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=480 height=164 |
---|
2287 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image120.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_37"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2288 | |
---|
2289 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2290 | id="Picture_x0020_38" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:358.5pt; |
---|
2291 | height:114pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2292 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image072.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2293 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=478 height=152 |
---|
2294 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image121.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_38"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2295 | |
---|
2296 | <p class=MsoNormal>You can see in particular at the pair of peaks at 33.3 and |
---|
2297 | 34.4°2Θ that are well fit by the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> model |
---|
2298 | and not by the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> one. On this basis the <span |
---|
2299 | class=SpellE>Pnma</span> model is rejected and the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> |
---|
2300 | is selected as probably correct. NB: neither model produced any intensity for |
---|
2301 | the peak at ~15.69°2Θ, so it is most likely to be from a minor |
---|
2302 | contaminating phase; we can either ignore it or exclude it in the final |
---|
2303 | refinements.</p> |
---|
2304 | |
---|
2305 | <h3>Step 8. Complete refinement of the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> model |
---|
2306 | for LaMnO<sub>3</sub></h3> |
---|
2307 | |
---|
2308 | <p class=MsoNormal>Reload the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2309 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2310 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>La <span |
---|
2311 | class=SpellE>Mn</span> O3 mag_2.gpx</span></b> project file which should have |
---|
2312 | the <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span> model for the magnetic structure, and look |
---|
2313 | at the powder pattern to decide how to proceed to complete the refinement.</p> |
---|
2314 | |
---|
2315 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2316 | id="Picture_x0020_39" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:359.25pt; |
---|
2317 | height:282.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2318 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image074.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2319 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=479 height=377 |
---|
2320 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image122.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_39"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2321 | |
---|
2322 | <p class=MsoNormal>Looking at the plot, it would seem that the lattice |
---|
2323 | parameters and sample position need to be refined. It is important to remember |
---|
2324 | that if a parameter in one phase is varied then the corresponding one in the |
---|
2325 | other phase must also be varied, otherwise GSAS-II will report the error and |
---|
2326 | refuse to attempt the refinement. To set refinement of the lattice parameters, |
---|
2327 | bring up the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
2328 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
2329 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>General</span></b> tab for each |
---|
2330 | phase & check the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2331 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2332 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Refine unit |
---|
2333 | cell</span></b> box for the lattice parameters. Then select <b |
---|
2334 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2335 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2336 | minor-latin'>Sample Parameters</span></b> for the PWDR entry</p> |
---|
2337 | |
---|
2338 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2339 | id="Picture_x0020_40" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:358.5pt; |
---|
2340 | height:225.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2341 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image076.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2342 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=478 height=301 |
---|
2343 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image123.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_40"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2344 | |
---|
2345 | <p class=MsoNormal>Since the scan covers a very wide range in 2<span |
---|
2346 | style='font-family:Symbol'>Q</span>, both sample displacements can be refined. |
---|
2347 | Check both <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
2348 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
2349 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Sample X</span></b> and <b |
---|
2350 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2351 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2352 | minor-latin'>Y <span class=SpellE>displ</span></span></b> parameters. NB: if |
---|
2353 | the correct <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
2354 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
2355 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Goniometer radius</span></b> (<b |
---|
2356 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2357 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2358 | minor-latin'>650</span></b>mm) is used, these displacements will be in microns. |
---|
2359 | Also, it would appear that the instrument parameters do not adequately describe |
---|
2360 | the anisotropic broadening of the lowest angle reflection so we will need to |
---|
2361 | include that. Select <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2362 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2363 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Instrument |
---|
2364 | Parameters</span></b> from the PWDR entry and check the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: |
---|
2365 | normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font: |
---|
2366 | minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>SH/L |
---|
2367 | Refine</span></b> box. Now do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2368 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2369 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Calculate/Refine</span></b> |
---|
2370 | until convergence is achieved (i.e. <span class=SpellE>Rwp</span> doesnt |
---|
2371 | change). This will be 2-3 times. When done my <span class=SpellE>Rwp</span> was |
---|
2372 | ~6.6% with a nice clean plot</p> |
---|
2373 | |
---|
2374 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2375 | id="Picture_x0020_41" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:358.5pt; |
---|
2376 | height:282pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2377 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image078.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2378 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=478 height=376 |
---|
2379 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image124.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_41"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2380 | |
---|
2381 | <p class=MsoNormal>Now we can add refinement of the atom positions and thermal |
---|
2382 | parameters. For <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
2383 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
2384 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Atoms</span></b> tab of the <b |
---|
2385 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2386 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2387 | minor-latin'>LaMnO3</span></b> phase, double click the refine column heading |
---|
2388 | and select <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
2389 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
2390 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>X</span></b> & <b |
---|
2391 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2392 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2393 | minor-latin'>U.</span></b> This will add these parameters as allowed by |
---|
2394 | symmetry to the refinement. Now go to the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2395 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2396 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Atoms</span></b> |
---|
2397 | tab for <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2398 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2399 | minor-latin'>La <span class=SpellE>Mn</span> O3 mag_2</span></b> and double |
---|
2400 | click the refine tab. Select <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2401 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2402 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>U</span></b> |
---|
2403 | & <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2404 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2405 | minor-latin'>M</span></b>; the <span class=SpellE>Uiso</span> for the <span |
---|
2406 | class=SpellE>Mn</span> atom is tied via a constraint to the <span class=SpellE>Mn</span> |
---|
2407 | in the other phase. Now select <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2408 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2409 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Background</span></b> |
---|
2410 | from the <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2411 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2412 | minor-latin'>PWDR</span></b> entry and increase the number of terms to <b |
---|
2413 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2414 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2415 | minor-latin'>6</span></b>. Finally do <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
---|
2416 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
---|
2417 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Calculate/Refine</span></b> |
---|
2418 | until convergence (1-2 times). My <span class=SpellE>Rwp</span> was 6.29% with |
---|
2419 | a plot that is hardly different from the previous one. If you press the <b |
---|
2420 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2421 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2422 | minor-latin'>W</span></b> key with the focus on the plot, GSAS-II will show |
---|
2423 | the weighted difference curve below the plot</p> |
---|
2424 | |
---|
2425 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
---|
2426 | id="Picture_x0020_42" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:357.75pt; |
---|
2427 | height:281.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
---|
2428 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image080.png" o:title=""/> |
---|
2429 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=477 height=375 |
---|
2430 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image125.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_42"><![endif]></span></p> |
---|
2431 | |
---|
2432 | <p class=MsoNormal>This curve shows a couple of peaks which are from some |
---|
2433 | contaminating phase, but otherwise the fluctuations are mostly within 2<span |
---|
2434 | style='font-family:Symbol'>s</span> of zero. Finally examine the magnetic |
---|
2435 | moment components of the <span class=SpellE>Mn</span> atom; <span class=SpellE><b |
---|
2436 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2437 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2438 | minor-latin'>Mz</span></b></span> is close to zero. It is likely that it is |
---|
2439 | zero; set it to <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family: |
---|
2440 | "Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font: |
---|
2441 | minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>zero</span></b> and then go to the |
---|
2442 | <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2443 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2444 | minor-latin'>Constraints</span></b> tree item and add a hold for the <b |
---|
2445 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
---|
2446 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
---|
2447 | minor-latin'>1::AMz:0</span></b> parameter so that it stays at zero. Repeat the |
---|
2448 | refinement; the residual is unchanged showing that setting <span class=SpellE>Mz</span>=0 |
---|
2449 | was a valid assumption.</p> |
---|
2450 | |
---|
2451 | <h3>Step 9. Draw the magnetic structure of LaMnO<sub>3</sub></h3> |
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2452 | |
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2453 | <p class=MsoNormal>To draw the magnetic structure select the <b |
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2454 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
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2455 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
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2456 | minor-latin'>Draw Atoms</span></b> tab for the magnetic phase. The table will |
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2457 | have a single line matching that of the Atoms table with a few extra columns.</p> |
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2458 | |
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2459 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
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2460 | id="Picture_x0020_43" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:362.25pt; |
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2461 | height:84.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
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2462 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image082.png" o:title=""/> |
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2463 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=483 height=113 |
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2464 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image126.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_43"><![endif]></span></p> |
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2465 | |
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2466 | <p class=MsoNormal>The plot will show one atom with magnetic moment. Select the |
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2467 | atom in the table and do <span class=GramE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
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2468 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
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2469 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>Edit</span></b></span><b |
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2470 | style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; |
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2471 | mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font: |
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2472 | minor-latin'> Figure/Fill unit cell</span></b>. The table will show additional |
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2473 | entries</p> |
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2474 | |
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2475 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
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2476 | id="Picture_x0020_44" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:359.25pt; |
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2477 | height:139.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
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2478 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image084.png" o:title=""/> |
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2479 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=479 height=186 |
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2480 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image127.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_44"><![endif]></span></p> |
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2481 | |
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2482 | <p class=MsoNormal>The plot will show the unit cell contents of <span |
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2483 | class=SpellE>Mn</span> atoms each with its magnetic moment; they are arranged |
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2484 | in layers along the b-axis with the <span class=GramE>moments</span> |
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2485 | antiparallel from one layer to the next. Some are red indicating that a spin |
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2486 | inversion operation was applied for that atom moment.</p> |
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2487 | |
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2488 | <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape |
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2489 | id="Picture_x0020_45" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:5in; |
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2490 | height:368.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> |
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2491 | <v:imagedata src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image086.png" o:title=""/> |
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2492 | </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=480 height=491 |
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2493 | src="Magnetic%20Structures-I_files/image128.gif" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_45"><![endif]></span></p> |
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2494 | |
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2495 | <p class=MsoNormal>This completes this tutorial; you can save the project if |
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2496 | you wish & close GSAS-II.</p> |
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2497 | |
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2498 | <p class=MsoNormal>If desired you can try to repeat the 2<sup>nd</sup> example, |
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2499 | Ca doped LaMnO<sub>3</sub>, which is a ferromagnet. There is no cell doubling |
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2500 | so again the propagation vector <span class=SpellE>kx<span class=GramE>,ky,kz</span></span> |
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2501 | is zero and k-SUBGROUPSMAG will suggest 4 possible magnetic space groups for <span |
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2502 | class=SpellE>Pbnm</span> (a nonstandard variant of <span class=SpellE>Pnma</span>) |
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2503 | which have an even number of spin inversions. Again, if k-SUBGROUPSMAG is |
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2504 | unavailable, you can find the result in <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span |
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2505 | style='font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; |
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2506 | mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin'>LaCaMnO3 <span |
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2507 | class=SpellE>base.gpx</span></span></b>. There is no distinction based on reflection |
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2508 | extinctions, so all 4 must be tested as shown in the Simple Magnetic Structures |
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2509 | tutorial. You should find as before that the <span class=SpellE>Pbnm</span> |
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2510 | magnetic structure is the best one.</p> |
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2511 | |
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2512 | <p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p> |
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2513 | |
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2514 | </div> |
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2515 | |
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2516 | </body> |
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2517 | |
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2518 | </html> |
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